Cell proliferation receptor-mediated

The development of in vitro techniques for culture of eukaryotic cells has clearly demonstrated the dependence of cell proliferation on cell membrane receptor-mediated interactions with macromolecular polypeptide growth factors in serum (for reviews, see Gospodarowicz and Moran, 1976 Bradshaw and Rubin, 1980). And although a few cell lines have been adapted to grow in serum-free defined media, serum is still, for most cell types, a necessary constituent of the culture media. Therefore, it must be considered that modulation of cell proliferation by retinoids might result in certain instances from an alteration by the retinoids of the response pattern of the cell to particular hormones or growth factors present in the serum. 

In malignant prostate epithelial cells, auto- and paracrine release of ET-1 is a critical factor in ETA receptor-mediated proliferation [5]. In addition, the ET-1/ETa receptor axis has emerged as a potential target in prostate cancer bone metastasis... 

Anticytokine receptor antibodies Basiliximab, Da-cluzimab Both are humanized monoclonal antibodies against the IL-2 receptor that block T-cell proliferation by inhibiting IL-2 and thus decrease the T-cell mediated frequency of rejection episodes in organ transplantation. 

Cytokines are small, short-lived proteins and important mediators of local intercellular communication. They play a key role in integrating responses to a variety of stimuli in immune and inflammatory processes. By binding their cognate receptors on target cells in their immediate vicinity, these molecules participate in many important biological activities including cell proliferation, activation, death and differentiation. In... 

Somatostatin is a regulatory cyclic peptide, which has originally been described as a hypothalamic growth hormone release-inhibiting factor. It is produced throughout the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in secretoty cells of the periphery and mediates its regulatory functions on cellular processes such as neurotransmission, smooth muscle contraction, secretion and cell proliferation via a family of seven transmembrane domain G-protein-coupled receptors termed sstx 5. 

In vivo studies in animals suggest that endosulfan may disrupt normal reproductive hormone levels in male animals, but that it is not an endocrine disrupter in females. Persistent depressed testicular testosterone was seen in male rats after intermediate duration oral exposures to endosulfan. In ovariectomized female rats, orally administered endosulfan did not induce normal development of female reproductive tissues, and in female mice and immature female rats, acute parenteral exposure to endosulfan did not affect several endocrine-related end points. In vitro studies have evaluated endosulfan for estrogen receptor (ER) and cytosolic protein binding affinity, ER-mediated reporter gene expression, estrogenic induction of cell proliferation, and alteration of relative abundance of active estradiol metabolites. Overall, in vitro evidence in favor of endosulfan estrogenicity indicates relatively weak potency compared to 17[3-estradiol. Apparently contradictory results were reported in different... 

Mast cells express high-affinity IgE Fc receptors (FceRI) on their surface, contain cytoplasmic granules which are major sources of histamine and other inflammatory mediators, and are activated to release and generate these mediators by IgE-dependent and non-IgE-dependent mechanisms [1]. Disturbances either in the release of mast cell mediators or in mast cell proliferation are associated with clonal mast cell disorders including monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome (MMAS) and mastocytosis respectively, which are in turn associated with some cases of anaphylaxis [2], Molecular mechanisms have been identified which may link increased releasability of mast cell mediators and conditions leading to increased mast cell numbers [3]. Patients with mastocytosis have an increased risk to develop anaphylaxis [4, 5] and those with anaphylaxis may suffer from unrecognized mastocytosis or may display incomplete features of the disease [6-8]. 

Laiosa, M., et. al., Cell proliferation arrest within intrathymic lymphocyte progenitor cells causes thymic atrophy mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, J. Immunol., 171,4582, 2003. 

An example of a TIE approach is that described by Desbrow et al. [7]. In this work, the endocrine disrupting activity detected in effluents of seven UK WWTPs by means of a yeast-based screening assay [52] was mainly attributed to the presence of estradiol, estrone, and ethynylestradiol. However, to assess the estrogenic activity different bioassays may be used, e.g., the yeast-based recombinant estrogen receptor-reporter assay (YES), the MCF-7 cell proliferation (E-screen), and the estrogen receptor-mediated chemically activated... 

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