Radiation-grafted fuel cell membranes styrene monomers

Fig. 2 Monomers of the styrene family used in the preparation of radiation-grafted fuel cell membranes in different laboratories. The aromatic ring can be sulfonated, or the acid functionality may be incorporated via the R substituent...

Patents relating to the apphcation of radiation-grafted ion-exchange membranes in fuel cells have been granted to Scherer et al. [89] and to Stone and Stock [90, 91]. These patents mention the functionalization of base polymers with quaternary ammonium groups to yield alkaline polymers. The use of fluorine-substituted styrenic monomers is also claimed to improve membrane chemical stability when utilized in fuel cells (removal of undesired and reactive C-H bonds). 

Fuel Cell Membranes by Radiation-Induced Graft Copolymerization Substituted styrene monomers ... 

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