Cell division cycle

Cell-cycle arrest is the status of a cell population in which progression through the cell division cycle has been halted as a result of checkpoint activation. 

Cell division cycle Cell proliferation Cell multiplication... 

Cell Adhesion Molecules Cell-cycle Arrest Cell Cycle Checkpoints Cell Cycle Control Cell Division Cycle Cell Multiplication Cell Proliferation Cellular Immmunity Central Core Disease (CCD)... 

The cell division cycle in plants. Edited by J.A. Bryant and D. Francis... 

FIG. 3. Stopping the cell division cycles. In Drosophila embryos, the timely arrest of cell proliferation in the epidermis requires the transcriptional activation of dacapo (Lane et al 1996, de Nooij et al 1996) and fi y-related (Sigrist Lehner 1997) which occurs during the final division cycle in parallel to down-regulation of cyclin E expression. 

Goodwin Presumably there is another relationship between the cell division cycle and differentiation the delimitation of successive whorls of organs in the flower. Is there anything known about how this is regulated ... 

Ishiguro, J. (1989). An abnormal cell division cycle in an AIR carboxylase-deficient mutant of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pomhe. Curr. Genet. 15,71-74. 

Cdc, cell division cycle DARPP-32, dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32kDa MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase NIPP1, nuclear inhibitor of PP1 PP, protein phosphatase Vffl, vaccinia virus. 

Hagan IM, Hyams JS. The use of cell division cycle mutants to investigate the control of micotubule distribution in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomycespombe. J Cell Sci 1988 89 343-357. 

At the end of 1980, when I finished writing a book of the cell division cycle with David Lloyd and Robert Poole, I promised myself that I would never write another. During the past few months there have been many times when I wished that I had kept that promise. During this time I have been reassuring my family, colleagues and not least myself, that it was almost finished . Now that it finally is complete, I promise that I will never write another. Well, perhaps not for a few years yet. 

J. J. Tyson, Modeling the cell division cycle cdc2 and cyclin interactions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 7328 7332 (1991). 

The cell cycle is a key process that recurs in a periodic manner. Early cell cycles in amphibian embryos are driven by a mitotic oscillator. This oscillator produces the repetitive activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase cdkl, also known as cdc2 [131]. Cyclin synthesis is sufficient to drive repetitive cell division cycles in amphibian embryonic cells [132]. The period of these relatively simple cell cycles is of the order of 30 min. In somatic cells the cell cycle becomes longer, with durations of up to 24 h or more, owing to the presence of checkpoints that ensure that a cell cycle phase is properly completed before the cell progresses to the next phase. The cell cycle goes successively through the phases Gl, S (DNA replication), G2, and M (mitosis) before a new cycle starts in Gl. After mitosis cells can also enter a quiescent phase GO, from which they enter Gl under mitogenic stimulation. 

A. Goldbeter, Modeling the mitotic oscillator driving the cell division cycle. Comments Theor. Biol. 3, 75-107 (1993). 

B. Novak, Z. Pataki, A. Ciliberto, and J. J. Tyson, Mathematical model of the cell division cycle of fission yeast. Chaos 11, 277-286 (2001). 

The cell cycle The concentrations of specific proteins regulate the cell cycle by activation (known as cyclins) is achieved of cell-division cycle kinases, during key steps in the cycle. The concentration of these proteins (cyclins) is regulated by synthesis and degradation. The latter is this proteolytic system (Chapter 20). 

The cyclin binds to a cyclin-dependent cell division cycle kinase (cdck). (In the absence of cyclin, this enzyme is sometimes known as a naked protein kinase.)... 

Figure 21.16 k diagram of the mechanism by which retinoblastoma protein (Rb) regulates transcription factor activity. The rb protein binds to the transcription factor, which forms a complex in which the transcription factor for three genes is inactive. Phosphorylation of Rb by a cell division cycle kinase results in dissociation of transcription factor from the complex and hence activation. 

Figure 4. Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis regulates the onset and demise of Cdk activity during the cell division cycle. The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is active from the onset of anaphase until the end of G1 phase, during which it targets mitotic cyclins (Clbs) and other proteins such as Pdsl. The SCF complex is constitutively active but only targets Sicl and other substrates once they have been specifically phosphorylated by G1 cyclin (Cln)-Cdk (Cdc28) activity. See text for details.

The c-fos and c-jun proteins when phosphorylated bind to the cyclin D gene, which influences the cell division cycle. 

Collins I, Garrett MD. 2005. Targeting the cell division cycle in cancer CDK and cell cycle checkpoint kinase inhibitors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 5 366-373. 

Paclitaxel and docetaxel have been shown to act as spindle poisons, causing cell division cycle arrest, based on a unique mechanism of action.7-10 These drugs bind to the P-subunit of the tubulin heterodimer, the key constituent protein of cellular microtubules (spindles). The binding of these drugs accelerates the tubulin polymerization, but at the same time stabilizes the resultant microtubules, thereby inhibiting their depolymerization. The inhibition of microtubule depolymerization between the prophase and anaphase of mitosis results in the arrest of the cell division cycle, which eventually leads to the apoptosis of cancer cells. 

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