Cell cycle checkpoint control

DNA repair is the major cellular defense system against DNA damage, which physically removes the lesions from DNA. Cell cycle checkpoint control empowers the repair system with better efficiency in that the cell cycle is temporarily halted to allow more time for DNA repair. In multicell organisms, apoptosis is additionally employed to remove excessively damaged cells. Nevertheless, these cellular defense... 

Because of its role in cell-cycle control and proliferation, pRB is an attractive target for agents designed to enforce cell-cycle checkpoint controls that block malignant transformation. 

Tumor-suppressor genes encode proteins that directly or indirectly slow progression through the cell cycle, checkpoint-control proteins that arrest the cell cycle, components of growth-inhibiting signaling pathways, pro-apoptotlc proteins, and DNA-repalr enzymes. 

Dash, B. C., El-Deiry, W. S. (2004). Cell cycle checkpoint control mechanisms that can be disrupted in cancer. Methods in Molecular... 

Chromosome Instability and Cell-Cycle Checkpoints Controls... 

Cell Adhesion Molecules Cell-cycle Arrest Cell Cycle Checkpoints Cell Cycle Control Cell Division Cycle Cell Multiplication Cell Proliferation Cellular Immmunity Central Core Disease (CCD)... 

Murray, A. W. (1992). Creative blocks cell-cycle checkpoints and feedback controls. Nature 359 599-604. 

Progression through the different phases of a cell cycle is controlled at checkpoints . There are a number of checkpoints, but the two most critical are the one that occnrs near the end of Gi, prior to S-phase entry, and the one near the end of G2, prior to mitosis. 

After having discussed the cell-cycle transitions and the major steps in cytokinesis, the controls, (checkpoints) that watch over cell-cycle transitions and arrest the cycle when a defect has been spotted will be discussed. These cell-cycle checkpoints are of great importance. Malfunctions of these controls result in reduced fidelity of the timing of the cell cycle. They cause chromosomal instabilities (CINs) and result in uncontrolled cellular proliferation, and eventually cancer (see ref. 31 and Part 4). 

The mammalian cell cycle is controlled by numerous factors involved in regulation of CDKs and checkpoint responses. Although many proteins involved in the pathways that lead to activation or inactivation of these have been elucidated over the years, much remains to be explored. Although most CDKs control the cell division cycle, regulation of the cell cycle is clearly more than progression from growth to DNA synthesis to... 

Li X, Nicklas RB. Mitotic forces control a cell-cycle checkpoint. Nature 1995 373 630-632. 

The eukaryotic cell cycle is tightly controlled by regulatory mechanisms that ensine faithful replication of the genome before cell division. These regulatory mechanisms, named cell-cycle checkpoints, are based, to a large extent, on the reversible phosphorylation of enzymes on serine/threonine residues, and the major control sites are Gl/S and G2/M phases. ° ° ... 

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