Cell culture model system

Measuring multiple parameters can be very useful for characterization of a cell culture model system during initial assay development and during subsequent optimization or miniaturization to a microwell plate format. The use of multiplexed internal controls also can be useful to identify false hits. 

Schueler, U. H., Kolter, T., Kaneski, C. R., Zirzow, G. C., Sandhoff, K., and Brady, R. O., Correlation between enzyme activity and substrate storage in a cell culture model system for Gaucher disease, J Inherit Metab Dis 27 (2004) 649-658. 

With few exceptions, information on the anticonvulsant pharmacology of specific ion channel subunits analyzed in expression systems is scarce. Hitherto, a first understanding of the mechanism of action of most antiepileptic dtugs has evolved from analyses of somatic ion channel pharmacology either in isolated neurons from human or rodent neurons, or cell culture models. 

In this model, no attempt is made to reproduce the in vivo physiochemical conditions occurring in the lumen of the human small intestine during digestion. This cell culture model only provides information about the intestinal absorption and metabolism processes of the compound. Using this cell culture system in con-... 

Whereas the relationship of solute permeability with lipophilicity has been studied in a large number of in vivo systems (including intestinal absorption models [54,55], blood-brain [56 58] and blood nerve [59] barrier models, and cell culture models [60 62], to name just a few), numerous in vitro model systems have been developed to overcome the complexity of working with biological membranes [63-66]. Apart from oil-water systems that are discussed here, the distribution of a solute between a water phase and liposomes is... 

From an industrial perspective, quantitative knowledge of the existence of different transporters within the cellular system used in screening procedures is of major importance as it can influence both the predictive value of the permeability coefficients and interpretation of the results. In addition, information on species differences or similarities or discrepancies between cell culture models and animals now provide an important basis for the scaling of data during the early phases of drug discovery for animals or humans [48]. 

Fu et al. (2002) report the optimization of a fabrication procedure for microspheres based on the poly( anhydride-co-ether) P(SA-EG). The microspheres are fabricated by solvent removal process that produces a porous structure with densities in the range of 0.344 and 0.077 g cm-3 and sizes that are optimized for delivery to the deep lung by inhalation (Fu et al., 2002). An appropriate in vitro cell culture model for characterization of the particle-epithelia system was also developed (Fiegel et al., 2003). 

Hertz, L. and Schousboe, A. (1987) Primary cultures of GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons as model systems to study neurotransmitter functions. I. Differentiated cells, in Model Systems of Development and Aging of the Nervous System (Vemadakis, A., Privat, A., Lauder, J. M., Timiras, P. S and Giacobini, E eds.), M. Nijhoff Publishing Company, Boston, MA, pp. 19-31. 

Cytotoxicity Studies Cell culture models have been employed to determine the cytotoxicity of new chemical entities, drug delivery systems, and excipients. Various techniques are available to assess cytotoxicity and cell... 

Tukker JJ (2002) Characterization of transport over epithelial barriers. In Lehr CM (Ed) Cell Culture Models of Biological Barriers. In-vitro Test Systems for Drug Absorption and Delivery. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 52-61. 

For in vitro toxicity studies and assessment of the barrier function, drug transport, cell physiology, and metabolism as well as the development of delivery systems, cell culture models provide powerful systems for scientific research. As the corneal epithelium is the main barrier for ocular penetration, various corneal epithelial cell cultures were established besides the corneal constructs that mimic the whole cornea and serve as reductionist models for the ocular barrier. In general, two types of cell culture models are available primary cell cultures and immortalized, continuous cell lines. 

Meaney, C., and O Driscoll, C., Mucus as a barrier to the permeability of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds in the absence and presence of sodium taurocholate micellar systems using cell culture models, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 8 167-175 (1999). 

Classic in vitro cell culture models were used earlier to test the permeability of drugs themselves (9). Nowadays, these systems display not only an alternative to animal testing in respect to ethical concerns, but are also applied as advanced models to develop new delivery strategies and to study drug delivery properties of nanoparticulate carriers or chemical delivery enhancers. Thereby, interactions with the biological barrier, specifically binding, uptake, and transport can be evaluated in a well-defined and standardized system. While oral delivery of drugs is still the commonly used and most accepted method of choice due to the... 

M.B. Bolger, T.M. Gilman, R. Fraczkiewicz, B. Steere and W.S. Woltosz in Cell Culture Models of Biological Barriers In Vitro Test Systems for Drug Absorption and Delivery, C.M. Lehr (ed), Taylor Francis, Saarbiiicken, 2002. 

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