Caustic formulation, surfactant

Including a surfactant in the caustic formulation (surfactant-enhanced alkaline flooding) can increase optimal salinity of a saline alkaline formulation. This can reduce iaterfacial tension and increase oil recovery (255,257,258). Encouraging field test results have been reported (259). Both nonionic and anionic surfactants have been evaluated in this appHcation (260,261). 

Preparation for Dyeing. A hot alkaline scour with a synthetic surfactant and with 1% soda ash or caustic soda is used to remove size, lubricants, and oils. Sodium hypochlorite is sometimes included in the alkaline scouring bath when bleaching is requked. After bleaching, the polyester fabric is given a bisulfite rinse and, when requked, a further scouring in a formulated oxahc acid bath to remove mst stains and mill dkt which is resistant to alkaline scouring. 

Nonionic surfactants, as mentioned previously, have been widely adopted due to their characteristics and properties and, in particular, because they do not require the presence of undesirable phosphate or caustic builders in detergent formulation. However, the relatively lesser degree of biodegradability is an important disadvantage of the nonionic surfactants compared to the ionic ones. Adsorption on activated carbon and various types of clay particles is, therefore, one of the processes that has been effective in removing heterodisperse nonionic... 

Alkali Surfactant MM. [Exxon/Tomah] Caustic surfactant hydrotrope used in alkaline formulations for hard surface cleaning solubilizer. 

A process to manufacture synthetic sulfonates was developed by Suntech Inc.. According to this process, caustic is used to neutralize the product, which minimizes the water usage during the process. Various companies such as Exxon and Shell have employed synthetic sulfonates for improving oil recovery. Several more expensive synthetic sulfonates also have been used as additives in the EOR processes. In such cases, a portion of the petroleum sulfonate prepared by sulfonation of gas/oil or crude oil is replaced with the synthetic sulfonates. It has been observed that the surfactant formulations containing mixed petroleum sulfonate and synthetic sulfonate have resulted in improved oil recovery. 

BURCO HCS-50NF Is a highly alkaline stable surfactant designed for use in formulating concentrated liquid alkaline detergents. It is freely soluble in 50% caustic soda and high levels of other alkaline builders. 

First of a family of alkoxylated linear alcohol carboxylic acid adduct sodium salts. These are low-foaming surfactants with moderately high caustic solubility. Their excellent sequestering ability makes them unique among surfactants and truly multifunctional in character. Applications include laundry detergents, tub and tile cleaners, metal cleaners and alkaline hard surface cleaners. These surfactants can eliminate or minimize the need for builders in a formulation. 

Amphoteric/betaine surfactants can be used in I I detergents because of extreme pH stability. In institutional laundry detergents, where relatively high amounts of caustic are used, amphoteric/betaine surfactants are well suited because of their alkali stability. Softergent (detergent and fabric softener in one formula) formulations require surfactants that are compatible with quats. 

The major chemicals that compose standard solvent-borne screen printing inks include screen emulsions, solvents, surfactants, caustics, and oxidizers used in screen reclamation. These inks can vary dramatically in their formulations, primarily because of the wide range of different materials screen printers are likely to print on. Printing on paper uses a different ink than printing on textiles. Ink formulations also vary for plastics, glass, ceramics, metals, and so on. 

Uses Surfactant used at low cones, for MSMA formulations, also for DSMA and high caustic Industrial detergent cleaners Properties Liq, 100% cone,... 

Uses Solubilizer for nonionic surfactants in built liq. cones., esp. low-foam nonionics also raises cloud pt. of rinse-aid formulations stable over wide pM range nondiscoloring on solid caustic Properties Liq. 100% cone. 

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