Alkaline Formulations

Ingredi ents Dipentene 122 E-14-5 E-14-2 Alkali Water Sodi urn 

Add and mix the first four ingredients (dipentene and emulsifiers). Dissolve the sodium metasilicate (if used) in the water and add it to the emulsifiers and dipentene with mixing. 

CPL is low temperature cloud point while CPH is high temperature cloud point . 

SOURCE Tomah Products, Inc. Bulletin Terpene Microemulsions 

Developed in order to offer replacements for expensive d-limonene and pine oil in microemulsion cleaners. They all have flash points above 100C and low VOC content. 

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Including a surfactant in the caustic formulation (surfactant-enhanced alkaline flooding) can increase optimal salinity of a saline alkaline formulation. This can reduce iaterfacial tension and increase oil recovery (255,257,258). Encouraging field test results have been reported (259). Both nonionic and anionic surfactants have been evaluated in this appHcation (260,261). 

Pla.tinum, Platinum plating has found appHcation in the production of platinised titanium, niobium, or tantalum anodes which are used as insoluble anodes in many other plating solutions (see Metalanodes). Plating solutions were often based on platinum "P" salt, which is diamminedinitroplatiniim (IT). A dinitroplatinite sulfate—sulfuric acid bath has been used to plate direcdy onto titanium (129). This bath contains 5 g/L of the platinum salt, pH adjusted to 2.0 with sulfuric acid. The bath is operated at 40°C at 10—100 A/m. Other baths based on chloroplatinic acid have been used in both acid and alkaline formulations the acid bath uses 20 g/L of the platinum salt and 300 g/L hydrochloric acid at 65° C and 10—200 A/m. The alkaline bath uses 10 g/L of the platinum salt, 60 g/L of ammonium phosphate and ammonium hydroxide to give a pH of 2.5—9.0. The alkaline bath can be plated directly onto nickel-base alloys acid baths require a gold strike on most metals. 

Choose alkaline formulations for products designed to remove oils and organic soils or to treat acid-sensitive surfaces such as marble. 

Although acidic paint formulations based on the chlorine-containing vinyl acrylic latex copolymer give excellent anti-corrosive performance, they do exhibit two unusual features not present in the corresponding alkaline formulations ... 

Excellent stability and suspendabi1ity are provided to the highly-alkaline formulations by a combination of Acusol 810 and Acusol 820 stabilizers. Both formulations can be pumped with a peristalic pump. Acusol 445 low-molecular-weight poly-acylic acid improves overall cleaning, prevents soil redeposition and, in the slurry formulations, aid in the precipitation and dispersion of the hydrated STPP. 

Solubile in water at 20°C, 0.004% miscible with alcohol, ether, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, benzene, and similar hydrocarbons. More stable in alkaline formulation than when at neutral or acid pH. On storage with traces of water, highly toxic tetraethyl thiopyrophosphate is produced.1... 

TRYCOL Ethoxylated Alkylphenols are also very stable against hydrolysis by acids and alkalies and therefore are useful as components of acidic or alkaline formulated products. 

Alcohol sulfates are not stable in acid and are used in alkaline formulations. C12-C16 alcohol sulfates have excellent detergency, high foam, and good wetting properties. Alcohol sulfates are fully biodegradable under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and compete in performance with petrochemical-derived linear alkyl-benzene sulfonates (LABS). 

Although some peels with an alkaline formulation do exist. 

Acid stability of the colour is required in low pH applications like soft drinks and many confectionery products. Alkaline formulations of chlorophyll and annatto colours are the most sensitive, and acid-proof formulations should be preferred. However, increased acid stability may be achieved if the annatto pigment noibixin is able to bind to protein, e.g., fruit pulp in fruit based beverages. 

Alkali Surfactant MM. [Exxon/Tomah] Caustic surfactant hydrotrope used in alkaline formulations for hard surface cleaning solubilizer. 

Slowly oxidized in air. Incompatible with alkaline formulations, perchloric acid. Mixtures with magnesium may be explosive. Attacks natural rubber. 

TETRAETHYL S,S -METHYLENEBIS(DITHIOPHOSPHATE) or 0,0,0, O -TETRAETHYL Y,S-METHYLENEBISPHOSPHORDITHIOATE or TETRAETHYL -METHYLENE BIS(PHOSPHOROTHIOLOTHIONATE) or 0,0,0, O -TETRA-ETHYL -METHYLENE DI(PHOSPHORODITHIOATE) (563-12-2) Slowly oxidized in air. Incompatible with alkaline formulations, perchloric acid. Mixtures with magnesium may be explosive. Attacks natural rubber. 

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