Catastrophic storms

Doehring, D.O. and Vierbuchen, R.C., 1971, Cave development during a catastrophic storm in the Great Valley of Virginia, Science 174 1327-1329. 

In September 1988, two hurricanes affected the coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico. One was Florence, a minimal hurricane (scale 1), and the other was Gilbert, a catastrophic storm (scale 5). The effect of these two hurricanes on the barrier islands of Louisiana is shown in Figs. 11-16. Figure 11 is an NOAA-10 satellite image made at 9 05 AM (CDT) on September 9, 1988, as received at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. Wind... 

Elementary forces such as floods, excessively high tides, earthquakes, electrical and other storms, may influence the environment and its safety to a considerable degree. Floods, storms, and extreme high tides which have occurred during this century are shown in Table 7.11. As a supplement, the frequency of catastrophic storms around the world during this century is represented in Table 7.12. In Europe, these events are far less... 

As discussed earlier, catastrophic storms are fueled by global warming. Such storms can result in the release of large quantities of toxic chemicals. In August and... 

Clark, G.M., Jacobson, R.B., Kite, J.S. and Linton, R.C., 1987, Storm-induced catastrophic flooding in Virginia and West Virginia, November, 1985, Chap. 17 in Catastropic Flooding, L. Mayer and D. Nash, eds., Allen Unwin, Boston, pp. 355-379. 

It is of utmost importance to simultaneously generate some near-optimal supply networks in the ranked order of the objective-function values along with the optimal one. These near-optimal networks serve as the stand-bys to immediately replace the optimal network in case of interruption arising from man-made catastrophes, e.g., warfare, or natural catastrophes, e.g., wild fires or storms. Such capabilities are totally absent from the MIP-based approaches. 

Up to 20 grams/m of dust accumulate on glaciers per year. Natural phenomena such as eruptions of volcanoes, earthquakes, mud flows, dust storms, floods, droughts, as well as anthropogenic catastrophes - nuclear tests, fires at petroleum slits, wood cutting and drying of the Aral Sea - exert a huge influence on the pollution of the atmosphere. 

Since these catastrophic events were temporal and episodic, it was difficult to estimate the sediment transport due to individual wind storms. The calculation of SPM variation was, therefore, based on all grids and anchor stations investigations at stations E3 and B1 in the BH98 and BH99 cruises. The concentrations of resuspended SPM were estimated to be 1.97 4.48 mg/L at station E3 and 2.53 7.82 mg/L at station B1 by calculation of the variation of SPM concentrations integrated over the water depth. The phosphate and silicate loads at stations E3 and B1 were calculated by integrating phosphate and silicate concentrations over the water depth, which showed that released nutrients after resuspension could account for 1% for phosphate, 3% 6% for silicate, Q.2% 0.4% for nitrate and 4% 9% for ammonium at station E3, and 4% 52% for phosphate, 4% 83% for silicate, 2% 6% for nitrite, 0.6% 28% for nitrate and 2% 16% for ammonium at station Bl. The difference between stations E3 and Bl was due to the fact that the resuspension released nutrients at station E3 were from experiments at a constant solid-solution ratio, while those at station Bl were from the maximum release experiments at station Bl. It was clear that nutrient loads in the water colmnn were affected by resuspension of sediment, especially in shallow water areas. Resuspension... 

To approximate this material with a soil from New Mexico, we have chosen the soil series Casito (Petrocalcic Ustollic Paleargrid). This soil is formed in alluvium at the base of mountain watersheds. It is found on alluvial fans and terraces. It contains a similar mixture of cobbles and fines as the remediation site however, the source of the alluvium is storm runoff rather than catastrophic flooding and river deposition. Provided below is some additional information on the contaminants in this soil. 

Disaster—Any natural catastrophe including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, and drought or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion. 

Potential consequences associated with hazards Depending on structural resistance to storm severity, a range of consequences from major to catastrophic is possible... 

Determine the hazards and hazardous events of the EUC and the EUC control system under all reasonably foreseeable circumstances (including fault conditions and misuse). This shall include all relevant human factor issues, and shall give particular attention to abnormal or A hazard is an incipient condition and a hazardous situation occurs only when the condition is manifested AND the various layers of protection are breached. The accident itself (the hazardous situation) with a balance of probability of escalating to a major or catastrophic outcome. The storm scenario presented here is infrequent. 

In some parts of the Northern Hemisphere, massive pressure gradient changes produced by differences in the temperature of the land and the ocean create monsoon winds (typically reversed from season to season), which in the summer are followed by storms and heavy rains. The best-known example of a monsoon occurs in India, where the rising heat of summer creates a subcontinent-wide thermal low pressure zone, which attracts the moisture-laden air from the Indian Ocean into cyclonic wind patterns and much needed, but sometimes catastrophic, heavy rainfall. 

Tsunami waves represent extreme, often catastrophic events, which significantly and adversely impact coastal areas. In spite of the lower frequency of occurrence comparing to storms and storm-induced singes, tsunami-induced coastal flooding often leads to massive casualties and tremendous economic losses. Hence, tsunamis are rare events, high-impact natural disasters. 

ABSTRACT In this article there are considered new mechanisms of ships loss in the sea storm conditions based on the washing down over the bow. Herewith loss of ships may arise from both the destruction of a ship and the loss of transverse roU metacentric stability. It is presented hull modernization variant decreasing the catastrophe reahzation possibility in the forward end. 

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