Storm runoff

Dunne, T. and Black, R. D. (1970) Partial area contributions to storm runoff in a small New England watershed. Water Resour. Res. 6,1296-1311. 

Methyl parathion can be released to surface waters by storm runoff from sprayed fields atmospheric deposition following aerial application (wet deposition from rain and fog water) waste water releases from formulation, manufacturing, or processing facilities and spills. 

Wang, L.K. and Mahoney, W.J., Treatment of storm runoff by oil-water separation, flotation, filtration and adsorption, Part A, The 44th Purdue Industrial Waste Conf. Proc., Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, 1990, pp. 655-666. 

Often, sodium carbonate is used in place of caustic. When liquid soaps (at room temperature) are desired, the more soluble potassium soaps are made by substituting potassium hydroxide for the sodium hydroxide (lye). This process is relatively simple and high-purity raw materials are converted to soap with essentially no byproducts. Leaks, spills, storm runoff, and washouts are absent. There is only one wastewater of consequence the sewer lyes from reclaiming of scrap. The sewer lyes contain the excess caustic soda and salt added to grain out the soap. Also, they contain some dirt and paper not removed in the strainer. 

In-plant management practices may often control the volume and quality of the treatment system influent. Volume reduction can be attained by process wastewater segregation from noncontact water, by recycling or reuse of noncontact water, and by the modification of plant processes. Control of spills, leakage, washdown, and storm runoff can also reduce the treatment system load. Modifications may include the use of vacuum pumps instead of steam ejectors, recycling caustic soda solution rather than discharging it to the treatment system, and incorporation of a more efficient solvent recovery system. 

Wang, L.K. Analysis of Sludges Generated from Flotation Treatment of Storm Runoff Water U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service Springfield, VA, 1988 Technical Report No. PB88-20062I/AS, 20 p. 

Storm runoff from an industrial site in Rhode Island used by oil distributors, scrap metal dealers, and metal finishers contained a hydrocarbon product resembling fuel oil no. 2. This product comprised 4% of the total petroleum hydrocarbons detected in the ranoff, most of which were associated with crankcase oil (Latimer et al. 1990). Two freighters collided off the coast of South Africa in 1992 the freighter transporting 160 tons of marine fuel oil and 53 tons of gas oil sank (Molden 1992). 

Bayless, E. R. Olyphant, G. A. 1993. Acidgenerating salts and their relationship to the chemistry of groundwater and storm runoff at an abandoned mine site in southwestern Indiana, USA. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 12, 313-328. 

The use of HPLC for the separation of residue organics from aqueous samples for mutagenicity testing has been extended to studies of many other types of water samples from different parts of the world. Baird and co-workers (15, 16) have used such an approach in their studies of mutagenicity of residue organics from drinking water, river water, storm runoff, reclaimed waste waters, and other waste waters. Jolley and co-workers (17, 18) have applied HPLC to the separation... 

Lydy, M.J., D.S. Carter, and D.S. Crawford (1996). Comparison of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassay techniques on concentrations of atrazine in storm runoff. Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol., 31 378-385. 

Pomes, M.L. and E.M. Thurman (1991). Comparison of microtiter-plate immunoassay (ELISA) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for analysis of herbicides in storm-runoff samples. Proceedings of 8th Annual Water and the Future of Kansas-Water in Conflict, March 4—5, 1991 USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-3034, pp. 572-575. 

Scribner, E.A., D.A. Goolsby, E.M. Thurman, M.T. Meyer, and M.L. Pomes (1994). Concentrations of selected herbicides, two triazine metabolites, and nutrients in storm runoff from nine stream basins in the midwestem US, 1990-1992. USGS Open-File Report 94-396. 

Different rainfall weighting methods can substantially affect estimates of new/old waters in storm runoff in basins with large contributions of new water (McDonnell et al., 1990). Use of sequential rain values is probably the best choice in very responsive catchments or in catchments with high proportions of overland flow. When rain intensities are low and soils drain slowly, current rain may not infiltrate very rapidly and thus use of the cumulative approach (i.e., running average) is probably more realistic (Kendall et al., 2001a). 

In contrast to these forested catchment studies, atmospheric nitrate appears to be a major contributor to stream flow in urban catchments. A pilot study by Ging et al. (1996) to determine the dominant sources of nitrate in storm runoff in suburban watersheds in Austin, Texas (USA) found that during base flow (when chloride was high), nitrate had high and low 5 0 values in contrast, during storms (when chloride was... 

Hinton M. J., Schiff S. L., and English M. C. (1994) Examining the contributions of glacial till water to storm runoff using two-and three-component hydrograph separations. Water Resour. Res. 30, 983-993. 

Pearce A. J., Stewart M. K., and Sklash M. G. (1986) Storm runoff generation in humid headwater catchments 1. Where does the water come from Water Resour. Res. 22, 1263-1272. 

Karst aquifers receive inputs of sediment from sinking streams and from storm runoff into sinkholes. Runoff from overlying caprock may flush sediment down vertical shafts and so carry fragments of the caprock material deep into the carbonate aquifer. In addition, diffuse infiltration through overlying soils and the epikarst may transmit soils... 

In addihon to potable water and wastewater treatments, UV process can also be used for storm runoff treatment, combined sewer overhow (CSO) treatment, swimming pool water disinfechon, and groundwater decontamination. The readers are referred to another book for more informahon on the applications of UV process in the area of environmental protechon. 

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