Catalysts synthetic resins

Elh hexylphosphate, Lamchem BAP Lamchem GAP catalyst, synthetic resins Eltesol TSX/A catalyst, thermoplastics Is opyl tridodecyibenzenesuifonyl Utanate, Ken-React KR 7 Ken-React KR 9S Ken-React KR 12 Ken-React KR 26S Ken-React KR 33DS Ken-React KR 38S Ken-React KR 41B Ken-React KR 44 Ken-React KR 46B Ken-React KR 55 Ken-React ... 

Synthetic resins, such as phenoHc and cresyUc resins (see Phenolic resins), are the most commonly used friction material binders, and are usually modified with drying oils, elastomer, cardanol [37330-39-5] an epoxy, phosphoms- or boron-based compounds, or even combinations of two. They ate prepared by the addition of the appropriate phenol and formaldehyde [50-00-0] in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst. Polymerization takes place at elevated temperatures. Other resin systems are based on elastomers (see Elastomers, synthetic), drying oils, or combinations of the above or other polymers. 

A sulfonated ion exchanger catalyst (Research Institute of Synthetic Resins and Varnishes, Pardubice, Czechoslovakia) was a macroreticular styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer containing 25% divinylbenzene and 2.4 meq/g of —SO3H groups. It was dried prior to using at 90°C/14 Torr. The BET surface area, determined in a dry state, was 49 m2/g, and the mean pore size was around 100 A. 

Uses Solvent in nitrocellulose coatings, vinyl films and Glyptal resins paint removers cements and adhesives organic synthesis manufacture of smokeless powders and colorless synthetic resins preparation of 2-butanol, butane, and amines cleaning fluids printing catalyst carrier acrylic coatings. 

A) S. Custodero, ItalP 522944 (1955) CA 53, 3698 (1959) [Synthetic resin-base expls are prepd by incorporation of oxidizers into a liquid polymer which is then solidified by addn of a suitable catalyst. Thus, to 20% of a mixt contg 100 parts Araldit D and 9—lOps 951 (an alipahtic polyamine), 80% NaC103 was added with slow stirring to obtain a homogeneous paste. After it was shaped into the desired form by means of a press, it hardened on standing for... 

Can be prepd commercially by interaction of benzoic acid and vinyl acetate in presence of catalysts. Used as solvent for NC cellulose acetate and natural synthetic resins Refs 1) Beil 9, 149 2)O.Diels E.Stephen,... 

Uses Catalyst for the polymerization of synthetic resins ingredient of rubber compounding and propellent compositions Refs 1) Beil — not found 2) Lucidol Division, Wallace 81 Tiernan Corp, "Organic Peroxides" Pamphlet (Data Sheet No 3), Buffalo, NY (1947) 3) CondChemDict... 

Paraformaldehyde (CHiO), sometimes called parafomt. is an amorphous white powder and may be used for applications where an aqueous solution of HCHO may not be desirable. It finds use as an antiseptic and as a catalyst and hardener for certain synthetic resins. Formaldehyde gas also may be dissolved in methyl or butyl alcohol for applications where HjO is undesirable. 

HEXAMINE. CAS 100-97-0], (CH-),N . formula weight 140,19, white crystalline solid, mp 280rC. decomposes at higher temperatures. Alsu known as hexamethylenetetramine, nicihenuiniiie. and urotiopitie. the compound is soluble in H2O and only very slightly soluble in alcohol or ether. Although used to some extent in medicine as an internal antiseptic, the primary use of hexamine is in the manufacture of synthetic resins where the compound is a substitute for formalin (aqueous solution of paraformaldehyde) and its NaOH catalyst. Hexamine also is used as an accelerator for rubber. 

RESINS (Synthetic). A manufactured high polymer resulting from a chemical reaction between two (or more) substances, usually with heat or a catalyst. This definition includes synthetic rubbers and silicones (elastomers), but excludes modified, water soluble polymers (often called resins). Distinction should be made between a synthetic resin and a plastic the formei is the polymer itself, whereas the latter is the polymer plus such additives as niters, colorant, plasticizers etc. See also Elastomers and Plasticizers. 

One of the oldest known thermosetting synthetic polymers is made by condensation of phenols with aldehydes using basic catalysts. The resins that are formed are known as Bakelites. The initial stage is the base-induced reaction of benzenol and methanal to give a (4-hydroxyphenyl)methanol, and this reaction closely resembles an aldol addition and can take place at either the 2-or the 4-position of the benzene ring ... 

Although used to some extent in medicine as an internal antiseptic, the primary use of hexamine is in the manufacture of synthetic resins where the compound is a substitute for formalin (aqueous solution of paraformaldehyde) and its sodium hydroxide catalyst. Hexamine is also used as an accelerator for rubber. 

Besides, furfural polymerizes in the presence of an acid catalyst with phenol, urea, and acetone. In this regard, the phenol-furfural and urea-furfural resins are important [221-223], Furfural reacts usually as does all a-substituted aldehydes in this regard, with phenol it condenses in the presence of either alkali or acid to form synthetic resins in a reaction that is very similar to that of phenol with formaldehyde or acetaldehyde [223],... 

CNC MEL DF 50 is a viscous, water clear liquid thermosetting resin which is soluble in water at any concentration. The product is fully compatible with other thermosetting resins, organic and inorganic catalysts, synthetic softeners and also thermoplastic materials. 

INTEX BINDER 18 is also recommended as a hand modifier for synthetic or blended fabrics. Particularly when the product is used in a resin bath containing acid-producing catalyst and resin, the cross-linking characteristics produce a durable hand. Abrasion resistance may also be noticeably improved. 

Coconut shell is the source of two other products, coconut shell flour and activated charcoal. Powdered coconut shell is used in the plastics industry as a compound filler for synthetic resin glues. It is also used as a filler and extender of phenolic molding powders that give a smooth and lustrous finish to molded articles, thereby improving their resistance to moisture and heat. Activated charcoal is an adsorbent for toxic agents. It has been used in gas masks, but can also be used to remove odors and industrial stench. As well, this by-product is a contact catalyst used to facilitate some industrial chemical reactions (61). 

Polymerization of the binder also causes shrinking of the composition. The amount of catalyst must be decreased and the composition should be allowed to consolidate over many hours to minimize the shrinkage. It is better to limit the amount of the synthetic resin binder to less thain 3 5% if possible, otherwise the diameter of the composition should be decreased as far as possible. This type of degeneration generally ceases after several days and this is confirmed by the stabilization of the burning rate. 

Use Catalyst for olefins, diens, polyesters, combustion, solid propellants polymerization vulcanizing coloring for synthetic resins deposition of metal and/or oxide as memory storage for computers intermediate for synthesis glass tinting. 

Use Solvents, synthetic-resin manufacture, metal polishes, organic synthesis (oxidation to hydroperoxides used as catalysts for synthetic-rubber manufacture cymene alcohols are made by hydrogenating the hydroperoxides). Purep-cresol and carvacrol are made from p-cymene. 

In contrast to aliphatic alcohols, which are mostly less acidic than phenol, phenol forms salts with aqueous alkali hydroxide solutions. At room temperature, phenol can be liberated from the salts even with carbon dioxide. At temperatures near the boiling point of phenol, it can displace carboxylic acids, e.g. acetic acid, from their salts, and then phenolates are formed. The contribution of ortho- and -quinonoid resonance structures allows electrophilic substitution reactions such as chlorination, sulphonation, nitration, nitrosation and mercuration. The introduction of two or three nitro groups into the benzene ring can only be achieved indirectly because of the sensitivity of phenol towards oxidation. Nitrosation in the para position can be carried out even at ice bath temperature. Phenol readily reacts with carbonyl compounds in the presence of acid or basic catalysts. Formaldehyde reacts with phenol to yield hydroxybenzyl alcohols, and synthetic resins on further reaction. Reaction of acetone with phenol yields bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane]. 

Controlled or directed oxidation is of great technical importance. Especially in the field of hydrocarbon oxidation, where a great number of side reactions are possible, it is essential that selective catalysts be found. The discovery of a catalyst capable of directing the oxidation of such hydrocarbons as are found in natural or refinery waste gases to formaldehyde alone without at the same time accelerating the oxidation of this compound to waste products would be extremely valuable, since the availability of very cheap formaldehyde would make possible cheap synthetic resins haring such unique uses as in the manufacture of furniture or automobile bodies. 

Transition metal loaded organic synthetic resins are employed industrially for numerous synthetic transformations. With increasing cost pressures and environmental restrictions on processes using transition metal catalysts, the need for more recyclable transition metal catalysts intensifies. Organic synthetic resins have been around for more than 60 years and are ideal substrates for transition metal immobilization. They are well poised for chemical modification and the resultant catalysts can be used in either batch or continuous systems. 

Hydrated lime is used as an alkaline catalyst to promote the self-condensation of acetone to form diacetone alcohol (4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone) [31.26]. Diacetone alcohol is used as a solvent for natural and synthetic resins. It is also used as an intermediate in the produetion of mesityl oxide, methyl isobutyl ketone and hexylene glycol. 

Epoxides are formed by oxidation of ole-finic or aromatic double bond. The oxidizing agents for such epoxidation reactions are peracids or peroxides with or without catalysts. The epoxy compounds are widely used as intermediates to produce synthetic resins, plasticizers, cements, adhesives, and other materials. 

---