Memory storage

The only ingredient in the proof of Life s universality that we have not yet discussed is memory storage. While a finite memory is fairly easy to implement with wires and logic gates - for example, glider-stream-encoded information can be made to circulate around a memory circuit contained within the computer - the construction of an arbitrarily large memory requires a bit more work, 

A universal Turing machine uses an arbitrarily long tape as a potentially infinite memory storage device. Instead, for his proof, Conway used Minsky s idea that a potentially infinite memory can also be obtained by storing arbitrarily large numbers in memory registers. The idea is sketched in figure 3.85. 

Register memory works in the following way. Suppose register x contains a block at location N. In order for the computer to read this value, it must perform the loop 

Having demonstrated, by construction, that each of the computational elements required of a conventional digital computer for its own computation - namely, (1) digital bit-stream signals, (2) wires, (3) redirection circuits, (4) an internal system clock, (5) a (potentially infinite) memory, and (6) a set of universal logic gates 

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Membrane transport Memory Memory banks Memory device Memory-enhancing drug Memory-impairment Memory protection Memory storage device Memory systems Menadione... 

We can also estimate the required computational work. Since the evolution time of the LG is of order Ljv and the time required to update a single step on the lattice is of order Iq/cs, the LG simulation requires roughly L/[IqM) = TZ/M time steps. Assuming that the computational work for each site is of order 1, we have that the LG simulation therefore requires a memory storage space of order S (TZ/M) and a computational work requirement of order W 7 d+l/ d+2... 

Iit78] Little, W.A and G.L.Shaw, Analytic study of the memory storage capacity of a neural network, Math. Bios. 39 (1978) 281-290. 

All this requires a high speed computer with large memory storage capacity and RAM (something not possible until recently). Image aneifysis software... 

Hampson RE, Deadwyler SA. Role of cannabinoid receptors in memory storage. Neurobiol Dis 1998 5 474-482. 

The limbic multimodal association area is partially located in each of the temporal, parietal and frontal lobes. It is concerned with emotional expression and memory storage. Although these functions appear to be unrelated, it is important to note that the emotional impact of an event is a major determinant of whether the event is remembered. Once again, it is important to remember that, although each of these multimodal association areas has its own characteristic function, all are highly interconnected and work together toward an end result. 

Gold PE (1986). Glucose modulation of memory storage processing. Behavioural and Neural Biology, 45, 342-349. 

Frederickson, C.J., Suh, S.W., Silva, D. and Thompson, R.B. (2000). Importance of zinc in the central nervous system the zinc-containing neuron. J. Nutr., 130, 1471S-1483S Holt, M. and Jahn, R. (2004). Synaptic vesicles in the fast lane. Science, 303, 1986-1987 Kandel, E.R. (2001). The molecular biology of memory storage a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science, 294, 1030-1038... 

New codes with huge memory storage controlling flow in brains ... 

The properties of modern electronic, optoelectronic, photonic, and magnetic devices provide another story of great science that has affected most of humankind. Electronic devices require special materials materials that emit light when struck by a beam of electrons for use in television screens and computer monitors, materials to make the semiconductors that are the heart of electronic and microelectronic circuits, and materials that are used in magnetic memory storage devices for computers. 

Kandel, E. R. The molecular biology of memory storage a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science 294 1030-1038, 2001. 

Bontempi, B., Luanrant-Demir, C., Destrade, C. and Jaffard, R. Time-dependent reorganization of brain-circuitry underlying long-term memory storage. Nature 400 671-675,1999. 

Scalability Can the system as designed and deployed be scaled up to handle greater usage demands (volume of data, numbers of users, rate of requests) Scalability is achieved primarily by repheating resources—processors, memory, storage media—and their software processing counterparts. Component-based designs in which the components can be deployed on separate processors, and where the overhead of cross-component coordination is proportionately small, enhances scalability. 

The fact that the carbonates of foraminifera burried in marine sediments can be used as a "memory storage" for Cd2+ present in the sea when the foraminifera were formed (Delaney and Boyle, 1987) is evidence for the non-reversibility or extremely slow reversibility of biogenic mineral carbonates. 

Molinengo L, Orsetti M, Pastorello B, Scordo I, Ghi P. (1995). The action of arecoline on retrieval and memory storage evaluated in the staircase maze. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 63(2) 167-73. 

Dalmaz C, Introini-CoUison IB, McGaugh JL. 1993. Noradrenergic and cholinergic interactions in the amygdala and the modulation of memory storage. Behav Brain Res 58(1-2) 167-174. 

Quirarte G, Roozendaal B, McGaugh J. 1997. Glucocorticoid enhancement of memory storage involves noradrenergic activation in the basolateral amygdala. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(25) 14048-14053. 

The accumulated substrate is equivalent to a condenser and is applicable to a kind of memory storage. ... 

Neural network model composed of formal neurons without the capacity of memory storage cannot be applicable to the study of information processing of real neural networks. 

J. E. Lisman, A mechanism for memory storage insensitive to molecular turnover a bistable autophosphorylafing kinase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 3055-3057(1985). 

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