Cardiovascular disease case-control studies

Carotenoids and cardiovascular diseases — Numerous epidemiological studies aimed to study the relationship of carotenoids and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including coronary accident risk and stroke. It appeared then that observational studies, namely prospective and case-control studies, pointed to a protective effect of carotenoids on myocardial infarct and stroke, but also on some atherosclerosis markers such as intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and atheromatous plaque formation. 

Feigin VL, Wiebers DO, Nikitin YP et al. (1998). Risk factors for ischemic stroke in a Russian community a population-based case-control study. Stroke 29 34-39 Fine-Edelstein JS, Wolf PA, O Leary et al. (1994). Precursors of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in the Framingham Study. Neurology 44 1046-1050 Gabriel SR, Carmona L, Roque M et al. (2005). Hormone replacement therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Systems Review 2 CD002229... 

The diagnosis of depression and the use of antidepressant medication are both associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. The relative contribution of these two factors is uncertain. In a case-control study of 2247 subjects, taking antidepressants was associated with a 2.2-fold (Cl = 1.3, 3.7) increase in the risk of myocardial infarction (43). This increased risk seemed to be accounted for entirely by the use of tricyclic antidepressants, because selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors were not associated with an increased risk, although the confidence intervals were wide (relative risk 0.8 Cl = 0.2, 3.5). These findings support the usual clinical advice that tricyclic antidepressants are best avoided in those with known cardiovascular disease or significant risk factors. 

In another observational case-control study, investigators were interested to determine the first-time AMI risk upon the discontinuation of NSAIDs. Information for the study was collected from a British research database and included 8688 study subjects and 33923 matched case subjects. [159] Case subjects were less than 90 years of age who had a first-time AMI between 1995 and 2001. The results of this study are as follows 1) patients discontinuing NSAID therapy had an increased risk of developing a first-time AMI, 2) subjects using NSAIDs on a long-term basis were more at risk for first-time AMI than patients taking short-term NSAIDs, 3) there is an increased risk of first-time AMI in patients with underlying inflammatory diseases such as RA or SLE, 4) RA and SEE are independent risk factor for new onset cardiovascular events. 

Chang CL, Donaghy M, Poulter N. Migraine and stroke in young women a case-control study. The World Health Organisation Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Br Med J 1999 318 13-18. 

While many reports on cardioprotective measures have established an especially significant role for Se and low concentrations have been found in patients with coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction [26], there have been contradictory results [27]. In a case-control study in eastern Finland, an area with an exceptionally high mortality from cardiovascular diseases, an association between cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction and low levels of serum Se was established in a matched-pair longitudinal study [28]. Recently, ecological and epidemiological results showed a relationship between serum Se concentration and cardiovascular disease in populations where low Se levels are found [29]. 

Giorda CB, PicarieUo R, TartagUno B et al (2015) Hospitahsation for heart failure and morttility associated with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor use in an unselected population of subjects with type 2 diabetes a nested case-control study. BMJ Open 5 e007959 Green JB (2014) Understanding the type 2 diabetes meUitus and cardiovascular disease risk paradox. Postgrad Med 126 190-204... 

Pala, A., Monami, M., Ciani, S. et al. 2012. Adipokines as possible new predictors of cardiovascular diseases A case control study. JNutrMetab 2012 253428. 

Among carotenoids, lycopene was analyzed for the risk of cardiovascular disease in women in a nested case-control group deriving from the Women s Health Study, Higher... 

VlPa Case-control 16,517 M-F This study is part of the WHO for the monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease. Suggestion of reduction of major coronary events (195)... 

Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Bautista LE et al. (2004). Meta-analysis of genetic studies in ischemic stroke thirty-two genes involving approximately 18 000 cases and 58 000 controls. Archives of Neurology 61 1652-1661 Casas JP, Cavalleri CL, Bautista LE et al. (2006). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease ... 

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