Nitric oxide synthase endothelial

Three isoforms of NO synthesizing enzymes ( nitric oxide synthase (NOS)) were isolated, purified, and cloned neuronal NO synthase ( neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) or isoform (I), immunological or inducible NOS ( inducible (immunological) nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or isoform (II), and endothelial NOS ( endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or isoform... 

Fleming I, Busse R (2003) Molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Am J Physiol 284 R1-12... 

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Endothelin Converting Enzyme Endothelins Endothelium... 

Haul S, Schrader J, Haas HL, Luh-mann HJ. Impairment of neocortical long-term potentiation in mice deficient of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Neurophysiol 1999 81 494—497. 

FIGURE 34-5 Induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in medial thalamus of thiamine-deficient rats. (A) Increased eNOS mRNA. (B) Increased eNOS immunolabeling of vascular endothelial cells (magnification x200). 

Chambliss KL, Shaul PW (2002) Estrogen modulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Endocr Rev 23 665... 

Fig. 4.1. Cellular model illustrating cell types in vascular wall involved in vasorelaxation induced by SERMs. Putative targets of SERMs are indicated within cyan tags. SERMs directly affect L-type VDCC, BK fil subunit in smooth muscle cells, and ER in endothelial cells. L-type VDCC L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel BK calcium-activated large conductance K+ channel PKG protein kinase G eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase GC soluble guanylate cyclase cGMP cyclic GM P V electrochemical membrane potential ER estrogen receptor. See text for further details...

Simoncini T, Genazzani AR (2000) Raloxifene acutely stimulates nitric oxide release from human endothelial cells via an activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85(8) 2966-2969... 

Simoncini T, Genazzani AR, Liao JK (2002a) Nongenomic mechanisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation by the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene. Circulation 105 1368-1373... 

Kiselyov K, Mignery GA, Zhu MX, Muallem S 1999 The N-terminal domain of the IP3 receptor gates store-operated hTrp3 channels. Mol Cell 4 423-429 Lee HC 2000 NAADP An emerging calcium signaling molecule. J Membr Biol 173 1 -8 Lin S, Fagan KA, Li K-X, Shaul PW, Cooper DMF, Rodman DM 2000 Sustained endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activation requires capacitative Ca2+ entry. J Biol Chem 275 17979-17985... 

Li, H., Raman, C. S., Glaser, C. B., Blasko, E., Young,T. A., Parkinson, J. F., Whitlow, M., Poulos. T. L., Crystal structures of zinc-free and -bound heme domain of human inducible nitric-oxide synthase. Implications for dimer stability and comparison with endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, ]. Biol.Chem. 

Besides cholesterol efflux from arterial wall and its role in RCT, additional properties of HDL have been proposed for its protective anti-atherogenic activities. HDL protects vascular function by a number of potential alternative mechanisms, including inhibition of LDL oxidation [8,9], platelet aggregation and coagulation [10], and endothelial monocyte adhesion [11], as well as promotion of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) [12], and prostacyclin synthesis [13-15]. The proposed alternate protective mechanisms for HDL are attractive but many of them lack validation under in vivo conditions. 

A. Blair, P. W. Shaul, I. S. Yuhanna, P. A. Conrad, and E. J. Smart. Oxidized low density lipoprotein displaces endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) from plasmalemmal caveolae and impairs eNOS activation. J. Biol. Chem. 274 32512-32519 (1999). 

X.-A. Li, W. B. Titlow, B. A. Jackson, N. Giltiay, M. Nikolova-Karakashian, A. Uittenbogaard, and E. J. Smart. High Density Lipoprotein Binding to Scavenger Receptor, Class B, Type I Activates Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase in a Ceramide-dependent Manner. J. Biol. Chem. 277 11058-11063 (2002). 

Alvarez, R., Alvarez, V., Lahoz, C.H., et al. (1999) Angiotensin converting enzyme and endothelial nitric oxide synthase DNA polymorphisms and late onset Alzheimer s disease. J. Neurol Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 67, 733-736. 

Fig. 3. Mechanisms of vasocontraction and vasorelaxation in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. COX cyclooxygenase, eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase, HO-1 heme oxygenase-1, EET epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, EDHF endothelium-derived hyperpolariz-ing factor, PGI2 prostaglandin I2, NO nitric oxide, CO carbon monoxide, PLC phospholipase C, IP3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, DAG diacylglycerol, ER/SR endo-plasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum, AC adenylyl cyclase, cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate, sGC soluble guanylyl cyclase, cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

Davis FI, Squire LR (1984) Protein synthesis and memory a review. Psychol Bull 96 518-559 Deisseroth K, Heist EK, Tsien RW (1998) Translocation of calmodulin to the nucleus supports CREB phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons. Nature 392 198-202 Dinerman J, Dawson TM, Schell MJ, Snowman A, Synder SH (1994) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase localized to hippocampal pyramidal cells implications for synaptic plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 4214-4218... 

Leikert, J.F., Rathel, T.R., Wohlfart, P., Cheynier, V., Vollmar, A.M., and Dirsch, V.M., Red wine polyphenols enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and subsequent nitric oxide release from endothelial cells. Circulation, 106, 1614, 2002. 

Wallerath, T., Poleo, D., Li, H., and Forstermann, U., Red wine increases the expression of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase a mechanism that may contribute to its beneficial cardiovascular effects, J. Am. Coll Cardiol, 41, 471, 2003. 

Xu, J.W., Ikeda, K., and Yamori, Y., Cyanidin-3-glucoside regulates phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, FEES Lett., 574, 176, 2004. 

Lamas, S., Marsden, P. A., Li, G. K., Tempst, P., and Michel, T. (1992). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Molecular cloning and characterization of a distinct constitutive enzyme isoform. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 6348-6352. 

Mechanism of action of nitrates, nitrites, and other substances that increase the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in vascular smooth muscle cells. Steps leading to relaxation are shown with heavy arrows. MLCK, activated myosin light-chain kinase [see Figure 12-1]. GC, activated guanylyl cyclase PDE, phosphodiesterase eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase. 

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