Research databases

To obtain an updated set of data on the phytoestrogens content in foods and diets, we suggest checking the following websites http //www.venus-ca.org/database.htm (phytoestrogen database of the EU-funded project VENUS) http //www.nal.usda.gov/fhic/foodcomp/Data/isoflav/isoflav.html (USDA-Iowa State University database on the isoflavones content of foods) and http //www.ilf.bbsrc.ac.uk/phytochemicals/Links.htm (Institute of Food Research Database on the levels of bioactive compounds in plant foods). 

Bradbury et al. (2004), however, recently reanalyzed the relation between tamoxifen and cataracts and described it as a null association, They used a nested, matched, case-control study design and data collected in the General Practice Research Database. They identified all women 30-79 years old who were diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with tamoxifen within 6 months, or with bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, or nonmelanoma skin cancer between January 1991 and December i999. From this population they identified all newly diagnosed cases of cataract and matched four female controls to each case on age, index date, and study entry data. They assessed the risk of cataracts for current, past, and sometime users of tamoxifen... 

CABI 2006. Organic Research Database. CAB International, Wallingford. organic-research.com>. Accessed 17/1/06. 

Seaman H, de Vries C, Farmer R. Venous thromboembolism associated with cyproterone acetate in combination with ethinyloestradiol (Dianette) observational studies using the UK General Practice Research Database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004 13 427-36. 

A population of women aged 50-69 years old with at least one prescription for HRT were identified from Britain s General Practice Research Database, and a cohort of 50 000 women who had never used HRT was sampled from the same source population. The incidence... 

Majeed A, Moser K, Carroll K. Trends in the prevalence and management of atrial fibrillation in general practice in England and Wales, I 994-1 998 analysis of data from the general practice research database, Heart 2001 86(3) 284—288. 

Contraction of malaria, today known to be a protozoan infection caused by the bite of the Anopheles mosquito, does not accord immediate and/or universal immunity. Whereas those in geographical regions frequently exposed to malarial infection often exhibit no or attenuated symptoms, those less exposed can become severely and repeatedly ill. Even today the molecular mechanisms underlying natural immunity to malaria are not clearly understood. For details, see the Oxford Research on Childhood Disease Malaria at and WHO/TDR [World Health Organization/Tropical Disease Research] Database at (reviewed Feb. 6, 2001). Repeated attacks may even cause chronic malaria characterized by severe anemia, emaciation, enlargement of the spleen, weakness, edema of the ankles, and... 

The second study was a case-control study sponsored by Merck Co (the manufacturers of celecoxib), in which the risk of acute thromboembohc cardiovascular events among 16 937 patients aged 40-75 years with rheumatoid arthritis using naproxen was examined using the British General Practice Research Database (52). Each patient with a first... 

The above study was based on information derived from the General Practice Research Database in the UK. Subjects who had been given at least one prescription for dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, or phentermine after 1 January 1988, and who were 70 years or younger at the time of their first prescription were included. Subjects were considered to have a new cardiac abnormality if they had no history, on the basis of clinical records, of cardiac valvular abnormahties and if there was evidence of a new valvular disorder on the basis of echocardiography or chnical examination after exposure to appetite suppressants. All the data had been recorded before the pubhcation of recent reports of an association between appetite suppressants and cardiac valve disorders (25,27,30-32) or primary pulmonary hjq)ertension (14). Hence, it was possible to exclude the possibihty that enhanced awareness of possible serious adverse effects of appetite suppressants had led to closer surveillance of patients who were taking these drugs. Nevertheless, the study did not provide information on the frequency of idiopathic cardiac valve disorders that are asymptomatic or otherwise not chnicaUy diagnosed. 

In a study using the UK General Practice Research Database to determine rates of drug-induced, rare, serious adverse effects on the liver, kidneys, skin, or blood, occurring within 45 days of completing a prescription or refill in 54 803 users of either fluconazole or itraconazole, three had illnesses for which a fluconazole-induced cause could not be ruled out one with thrombocytopenia, one with neutropenia, and one with an abnormal liver function test just after receiving fluconazole (31). The rates were 2.8/100 000 prescriptions (95% Cl = 0.8, 10) for serious, adverse blood events and 1.4/100 000 prescriptions (95% Cl = 0.25, 8.2) for serious, adverse liver events. These results suggest that fluconazole does not commonly have serious adverse effects on the liver, kidneys, skin, or blood. 

In a study using the UK General Practice Research Database to determine rates of rare, serious drug-induced, adverse effects on the hver, kidneys, skin, or blood, occurring within 45 days of completing a prescription or refill in 54 803 users of either fluconazole or... 

The risk of serious skin disorders has been estimated in 61 858 nsers, aged 20-79 years, of oral antifungal drugs identified in the UK General Practice Research Database... 

The more recent case-control study is that reported by Huerta et al [34A] using the General Practice Research Database from the United Kingdom. They confirmed that current use of NSAID increased the relative risk of AKI by 3.2 fold over non-users. They also identified significant increase in the relative risk of AKI when NSAID were combined with either diuretics (RR 11.6 (CL g 4.2-32.2)) or calcium channel blockers (RR 7.8 (3.0-20.5)). In addition, they provided analysis of individual NSAID relative risk. Diclofenac... 

In another observational case-control study, investigators were interested to determine the first-time AMI risk upon the discontinuation of NSAIDs. Information for the study was collected from a British research database and included 8688 study subjects and 33923 matched case subjects. [159] Case subjects were less than 90 years of age who had a first-time AMI between 1995 and 2001. The results of this study are as follows 1) patients discontinuing NSAID therapy had an increased risk of developing a first-time AMI, 2) subjects using NSAIDs on a long-term basis were more at risk for first-time AMI than patients taking short-term NSAIDs, 3) there is an increased risk of first-time AMI in patients with underlying inflammatory diseases such as RA or SLE, 4) RA and SEE are independent risk factor for new onset cardiovascular events. 

Analyses of yumberry juice show a cross section of essential nutrients, but levels are not as high as in the top superfruits. More than a hundred reports on bayberry are in the medical research database, most of these identifying polyphenols extracted from the tree bark or leaves. Ellagic acid is the dominant polyphenol in yumberry juice among many isolated polyphenols, including high contents of tannins and anthocyanins. 

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