Short-term test in vitro

Longstaff, E., M.Robinson, C.Bradbrook, J.A.Styles, and I.E.H.Purchase. 1984. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of fluorocarbons Assessment by short-term in vitro tests and chronic exposure in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 72 15-31. 

Carcinogens, Summary Report on the Evaluation of Short-Term in Vitro Tests, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1985a. 

Carbon tetrachloride (No. 208, 1999) Carcinogens, summary report on the evaluation of short-term in vitro tests (No. 47,1985)... 

Stage B Short-term in vitro tests 1. mammalian cell DNA repair 2. bacterial mutagenesis (Ames test) 3. mammalian mutagenesis 4. chromosome tests (sister chromatid exchange) 5. cell transformation... 

Short-term In Vitro Tests for Mammalian Toxins 117... 

In principle, justification for including tests complementary to the Ames test is based on knowledge that genotoxic agents cause damage through various mechanisms that may not be detectable in the Ames test alone. For example, neither structural damage to chromosomes nor the induction of aneuploidy can be detected in the Ames test. As a result of such considerations, it follows that a battery of short-term in vitro tests is required to provide a... 

When a variety of data are available, EPA attempts to follow a weight of evidence approach which acknowledges differences in data types - that is human-epidemiology versus animal bioassay versus short term, in vitro (test tube) tests the central tendencies of the data toward suggesting the same effect and the scientific adequacy of the studies involved. Extrapolation from animal data to human risk is, while scientifically supported, still full of uncertainty, but as I indicated earlier, regulators cannot wait for certainty, nor can the public. In the face of serious threats to public health we must act on the best assessment of these data available at the time. 

As with all carcinogens the carcinogenic potency of solvents has been assessed by short-term in vitro tests, e. g., Ames assay, by long-term tumor induction experiments in animals and - especially important for the evaluation of the carcinogenic action in humans -prospective and retrospective epidemiological studies, for solvent exposure mainly in work places. 

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