Carboxylic acid common names

Chemical Name 7-(D-0 -Phenylglycylamido)-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid Common Name —... 

Chamical Name l ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g] quinoline-3-carboxylic acid Common Name ... 

Chemical Name 2, 4 -Difluoro-4-hydroxy-[ 1,1 -biphenyl] -3-carboxylic acid Common Name Difluorophenyl salicylic acid Structural Formula cooh... 

As we observed for carboxylic acids, common names are often used for esters. This is especially true for esters of acetic acid and formic acid. 

When naming carboxylic acids, the final -e of the hydrocarbon is replaced with either -ic acid (common name) or -oic acid (lUPAC name). The carbonyl carbon on the acid is position one. When naming the salts, the -ic of the acid name is replaced with -ate. 

Lactams Cyclic amides are called lactams. Lactams are formed from amino acids, where the amino group and the carboxyl group have joined to form an amide. Lactams are named like lactones, by adding the term lactam at the end of the IUPAC name of the parent acid. Common names of lactams are formed by changing the -ic acid ending of the amino acid to -olactam. 

The systematic approach for naming dicarboxylic acids (alkanes with carboxylic acids on either end) is the same as for carboxylic acids, except that the suffix is -dioic acid. Common name Nomenclature of dicarboxylic acids is aided by the acronym OMSGAP (Om s Gap), where each letter stands for the first letter of the first seven names for each dicarboxylic acid, starting from the simplest. 

In the common system of nomenclature, substituted carboxylic acids are named as derivatives of the parent compound (see Table 15.1). Greek letters are... 

In many cases the aromatic carboxylic acids are named, in either system, as derivatives of benzoic acid. Generally, the -oic acid or -ic acid suffix is attached to the appropriate prefix. However, "common names" of substituted benzoic acids (for example, toluic acid and phthalic acid) are frequently used. 

This is a symmetrical acid anhydride. The I.U.P.A.C. name of the four-carbon parent carboxylic acid is butanoic acid (common name butyric acid). To name the anhydride, simply replace the word acid with the word anhydride. The I.U.P.A.C. name of this compound is butanoic anhydride (common name butyric anhydride). 

The carboxyl group is abbreviated as — COOH or — CO2H. The carbon of the carboxyl group can be attached to a hydrogen as in methanoic acid (common name formic acid) or to a carbon. The carbon can be part of an alkyl group as in ethanoic acid (common name acetic acid) or an aryl group as in benzoic acid. 

The prefixes di , tri etc. are used to show more than one carboxylic acid group. Ethanedioic acid (common name oxalic acid) is found in rhubarb leaves ... 

Salts of carboxylic acids are named as -ates in both common and systematic names, -ate replaces -ic acid. The name of the cation precedes that of the carboxylate anion. Thus, CH3C02Na is sodium acetate or sodium ethanoate. 

Carboxylic acids, lUPAC name, common name... 

It IS hard to find a class of compounds in which the common names of its members have influenced organic nomenclature more than carboxylic acids Not only are the common names of carboxylic acids themselves abundant and widely used but the names of many other compounds are derived from them Benzene took its name from benzoic acid and propane from propionic acid not the other way around The name butane comes from butyric acid present m rancid butter The common names of most aldehydes are derived from the common names of carboxylic acids—valeraldehyde from valeric acid for exam pie Many carboxylic acids are better known by common names than by their systematic ones and the framers of the lUPAC rules have taken a liberal view toward accepting these common names as permissible alternatives to the systematic ones Table 19 1 lists both common and systematic names for a number of important carboxylic acids... 

The list of carboxylic acids in Table 19 1 is by no means exhaus tive insofar as common names are concerned Many others are known by their common names a few of which follow Give a systematic lUPAC name for each... 

Many carboxylic acids are much better known by their common names than by their sys tematic names Some of these follow Provide a stmctural formula for each one on the basis of its systematic name... 

The common method of naming aldehydes corresponds very closely to that of the related acids (see Carboxylic acids), in that the term aldehyde is added to the base name of the acid. For example, formaldehyde (qv) comes from formic acid, acetaldehyde (qv) from acetic acid, and butyraldehyde (qv) from butyric acid. If the compound contains more than two aldehyde groups, or is cycHc, the name is formed using carbaldehyde to indicate the functionaUty. The lUPAC system of aldehyde nomenclature drops the final e from the name of the parent acycHc hydrocarbon and adds al If two aldehyde functional groups are present, the suffix -dialis used. The prefix formjlis used with polyfunctional compounds. Examples of nomenclature types are shown in Table 1. 

Esters are named by replacing the ending -ic acid with the suffix -ate. The alcohol portion of the ester is named by replacing the -ane ending of the parent hydrocarbon name with the suffix -yl. The alkyl radical name of an ester is separated from the carboxylate name, eg, methyl formate for HCOOCH. Amides are named by changing the ending -oic acid to -amide for either systematic or common names, eg, hexanamide and acetamide. 

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