Suffix ic acid

The aldehyde signature, -C-H (written also as -CHO, but never -COH), is always located at the end of the carbon chain. Common names for aldehydes are derived from the corresponding acid to which they are converted by further oxidation. The suffix ic acid is simply changed to -aldehyde ... 

Since carboxylic acids are amongst the earliest organic compounds to be isolated from nature, a large number of them are known by their common names. The common names end with the suffix -ic acid and have been derived from Latin or Greek names of their natural sources. For example, formic acid (HCOOH) was first obtained from red ants (Latin formica means ant), acetic acid (CH C OOH) from vinegar (Latin acetum, means vinegar), but n ic acid (CH3CH2CH2COOH) from rancid butter (Latin butyrum, means butter). 

In addition to the oxoacids, there are a small number of other acids, such as HC1, that do not contain oxygen. Although the pure, gaseous compound HC1 is named hydrogen chloride according to the rules for binary compounds, the aqueous solution is named hydrochloric acid, HCl(a ). This example is typical of non-oxygen-containing acids The prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic acid are used for the aqueous solution in such cases. 

To name an acid, look at the formula and decide whether the compound is an oxoacid. If so, the name must reflect the number of oxygen atoms, according to Table 2.4. If the compound is not an oxoacid, it is named using the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic acid. 

Common names for simple aldehydes are frequently encountered. These common names are derived from the common names for the related carboxylic acid (see Section 12.4) by replacing the suffix -ic acid with the suffix -aldehyde. Thus, the aldehyde related to acetic acid is acetaldehyde. If the carbonyl group of an aldehyde is attached to a ring system, the compound can be named as a hydrocarbon with the suffix -carbaldehyde. (Some sources use -carboxaldehyde.)... 

Common names of nitriles are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids. Begin with the common name of the acid, and replace the suffix -ic acid with the suffix -onitrile. The IUPAC name is constructed from the alkane name, with the suffix -nitrile added. 

For acyclic acid chlorides Change the suffix -ic acid of the parent carboxylic acid to the suffix -yl chloride or... 

The nomenclature of simple waxes is based on the stem name of the FA. The FA suffix -ic acid is replaced with -ate. This stem term is then followed by... 

Salts of carboxylic acids are named in the same manner as are salts of inorganic acids Name the cation first and then the anion. Derive the name of the anion from the name of the carboxylic acid by dropping the suffix -ic acid and adding the suffix -ate. For example, the name of CH3CH2COO Na is sodium propanoate, and that of CH3(CH2)i4COO Na is sodium hexadecanoate (sodium palmitate). 

The functional group of a carboxylic ester (commonly referred to simply as an ester) is an acyl group bonded to —OR or —OAr. Both lUPAC and common names of esters are derived from the names of the parent carboxylic acids. The alkyl or aryl group bonded to oxygen is named first, followed by the name of the acid, in which the suffix -ic acid is replaced by the suffix -ate ... 

An ester is named by giving the name of the alkyl or aryl group bonded to oxygen first, followed by the name of the acid, in which the suffix -ic acid is replaced by the suffix -ate. 

Cyclic esters are called lactones. The lUPAC system has developed a set of rules for naming these compounds. Nonetheless, the simplest lactones are still named by dropping the suffix -ic acid or -ok acid from the name of the parent carboxylic acid and adding the suffix -olactone. The location of the oxygen atom in the ring is indicated by a number if the lUPAC name of the acid is used or by the Greek letter a, j3, y, 8, e, and so forth, if the common name of the acid is used. 

Carboxylate salts are ionic and are therefore more soluble in water than their corresponding car-boxyhc adds. Carboxylate ions are named by repladng the suffix ic acid with ate , for example ... 

Acid halides are named as derivatives of carboxyhc acids by replacing the suffix ic acid with yl hahde ... 

Esters are named by first indicating the alkyl group attached to the oxygen atom followed by the carboxylic acid, for which the suffix ic acid is replaced with ate. ... 

Carboxylate ions are named by replacing the suffix "ic acid" with "ate."... 

Lactones are cyclic esters of hydroxy acids. Five- and stx-membered lactones commonly occur in nature. The lUPAC name of a lactone is constructed by adding lactone to the name of the related hydroxy acid. The common name is derived by changing the suffix -ic acid to —olactone. A Greek letter designates the position of the bridging oxygen atom that closes the lactone ring, a, P, y, etc. 

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