Naming aldehydes

Adrenocortical hormone, 1083 -ill, aldehyde name ending, 696 ( + )-Alanine, configuration of, 300 electrostatic potential map of,... 

Camphor, molecular model of, 129 specific rotation of, 296 Cannizzaro, Stanislao, 724 Cannizzaro reaction. 724 mechanism of, 724 Caprolactam, nylon 6 from, 1213 Capsaicin, structure of. 78 -curbahlehyde, aldehyde name ending, 696... 

In thermal oxidation, chain initiation takes place by the reaction of the aldehyde with dioxygen. Two reactions of chain generation in autoxidized aldehydes, namely, bimolecular and trimolecular, were proved [25]. 

Thorough washing of the crude aldehyde is particularly desirable, as it removes a reddish impurity which tends to distil over and colqr the product lemon yellow or sometimes even, brownish yellow. When such a brownish product is obtained, it is quite necessary to make a second precipitation, as well as to observe the directions mentioned in the purification of the crude aldehyde, namely, to precipitate the first few grams and the last few grams of the aldehyde separately. The precaution of rejecting the first and last portions of the precipitate is unnecessary in the reprecipitation. In the reprecipitation of a deeply colored product, the portion of aldehyde at the end may be even purplish in color and particular care must be taken to keep this separate. 

In contrast to oxidative dechlorination, the hydrolytic dechlorination of chloramphenicol replaces a Cl-atom with a OH group to yield a (monochlo-ro)hydroxyacetamido intermediate. The latter, like the dichloro analogue, also eliminates HC1, but the product is an aldehyde that is far less reactive than the oxamoyl chloride intermediate. Chloramphenicol-aldehyde undergoes the usual biotransformation of aldehydes, namely reduction to the primary alcohol 11.41 and dehydrogenation to the oxamic acid derivative 11.40 (Fig. 11.7). 

The disappearance of the thioaldehyde at these temperatures would closely resemble that of the aldehydes namely,... 

Retained names of carboxylic acids may also be modified to name amides, nitriles and aldehydes, by changing the -ic acid ending to -amide, -onitrile or -aldehyde. Names such as formaldehyde, acetonitrile and propionamide result. Of these, only acetonitrile may be treated as a functional parent hydride. 

Several aldehydes, namely furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, " isovaleraldehyde, benzal-dehyde, propionaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, formaldehyde, and 2-methylbutyraledehyde, were shown to react with catechin and malvidin 3-glucoside in the same way as acetaldehyde or... 

In naming aldehydes, name the parent alkane, remove the -e, and add -al. For example, an aldehyde having one carbon atom is called methanal. Its common name is formaldehyde. 

Aldehyde names have no numbers because the aldehyde group is always on the first carbon atom. 

Reactions of anthocyanins and flavanols in the presence of aldehydes, namely acetaldehyde, glyoxylic acid, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural, have been studied in wine like model solution systems, enabling to demonstrate the formation of purple and yellow pigments, as discussed below. Identification of the formed compounds was achieved on the basis of their UV-visible, ID and 2D NMR and mass spectra 38-42 ... 

Kurita et al. (2002) succeeded in introducing alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, and pentyl groups, into chitin at the nitrogen of C2 acetamido moiety via an adjusted five-step modification process (Figure 5). Chitosan was completely deacetylated and treated with three types of aldehydes, namely formaldehyde (methanol), acetaldehyde (ethanol), and valeraldehyde (pen-tanol). The Schiff bases of chitosan were reduced to iV-alkylated chitosan using sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNBH3). 

By Kolbe carbonation of cardanol in diglyme containing potassium hydroxide (ref. 283) (and of technical CNSL itself) isoanacardic acid was obtained. This was also another source of both the methylol and aldehyde, namely isoanacardic alcohol and isoanacardic aldehyde repectively. These transformations are illustrated in the preceding scheme. 

In comparing the 12 aldehydes and their relative intensities shown in Table I, it is not surprising that seven of die 12 are found in both oils at essentially the same levels. However, the relative intensities of the other five are interesting in that three of the five differing aldehydes are totally absent in the other oil. For example, E-2-octenal (peak 14) was observed only in the Early-Mid season oil whereas Z-2-nonenal (peak 17) and p-sinensal (peak 28) were only found in the Valencia oil. Only two aldehydes, namely acetaldehyde (peak 1, with possible co-elution of ethyl propanoate) and nonanal (peak 13) had appreciable intensity differences. It is quite possible that the major aroma quality differences between these two oils is due to the marked differences in these five aldehydes. P-sinensal has long been considered a major quality factor in orange oils II) and the lack of this positive aroma component in the Early-Mid oil may explain in part the lower aroma quality of this oil. 

ALDEHYDES Name the hydrocarbon radical first, counting the carbon atoms in the aldehyde functional group, and end with the word aldehyde. When naming aldehydes, you use the prefix form for one carbon and acet for two carbons. For example, formaldehyde for a one-carbon aldehyde. 

The performances of bimetallic Rh-Ge/Si02 and Rh-Ge/Al203 catalysts prepared by catalytic reduction were measured for another a,p-unsaturated aldehyde, namely citral (Fig. 9.7). The addition of Ge to Rh by the surface redox reaction promoted the hydrogenation of citral to the unsaturated alcohols (geraniol/nerol), while the saturated aldehyde (dtroneUal) was the main product on the monometallic Rh catalyst [41]. 

The lUPAC ending for aldehyde names is -al, whereas that for ketones is -one. 

There are two potential pathways by which an ester can be formed, both involving an intermediate aldehyde, namely a Tischenko-type condensation [35] or hemiacetal formation followed by its dehydrogenation [34]. Our results establish that the second pathway is operative, at least in the case of benzyl alcohol [11]. Thus, employing benzaldehyde (in absence of alcohol) did not yield any ester. On the other hand, reaction of benzaldehyde with 1 equivalent of benzyl alcohol led to quantitative formation of benzyl benzoate (Scheme 1.6). 

Ketone or Aldehyde (Name) Class (Type) of Derivative Structure (Name)... 

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