Carboxyl carboxylate, ester name suffix

The esters name usually comes from the acid and ends in the suffix ate as does the word acetate itself. The acetate group is made from acetic acid by replacing the carboxyl hydrogen with an 7 group ... 

The functional group of a carboxylic ester (commonly referred to simply as an ester) is an acyl group bonded to —OR or —OAr. Both lUPAC and common names of esters are derived from the names of the parent carboxylic acids. The alkyl or aryl group bonded to oxygen is named first, followed by the name of the acid, in which the suffix -ic acid is replaced by the suffix -ate ... 

Esters are named by replacing the ending -ic acid with the suffix -ate. The alcohol portion of the ester is named by replacing the -ane ending of the parent hydrocarbon name with the suffix -yl. The alkyl radical name of an ester is separated from the carboxylate name, eg, methyl formate for HCOOCH. Amides are named by changing the ending -oic acid to -amide for either systematic or common names, eg, hexanamide and acetamide. 

Carboxylate salts consist of a carboxylate anion (the anion formed by removal of the proton from the OH of a carboxylic acid) and a cation. They are named in a manner similar to esters, using two words. The first word designates the cation. The second word designates the carboxylate anion, using the -ate suffix, just as is done for esters. 

Carboxylic acids are named by adding the suffix oic acid to the base name. Acid chlorides are name by changing the ic acid of the parent carboxylic acid to yl chloride. The suffix acid is changed to anhydride to name acid anhydrides. Esters are named like acid salts by changing ic acid to ate and preceding the name by the name of the alkyl group. To name amides, the oic acid is changed to amide. 

A cyclic ester is called a lactone. The lUPAC name of a lactone is formed by dropping the suffix -oic acid from the name of the parent carboxylic acid and adding the suffix -olactone. The common name is similarly derived. The location of the oxygen atom in the ring is indicated by a number if the lUPAC name of the acid is used and by a Greek letter a, y, d, B, and so forth if the common name of the acid is used. 

All esters discussed so far are acyclic molecules (this means they do not contain rings), but there are also cyclic esters, where both the acyl carbon and the alcohol oxygen are constituent members of a ring, as in 88-90. These cyclic esters are called lactones. The common names for structurally simple lactones arise by using the suffix for the open chain carboxylic acid precursor and the word lactone. Compound 88 is y-butyrolactone and 89 is 6-valerolactone, where the name is taken from the common names for the four-carbon acid (butyric acid) and the five-carbon acid (valeric acid). The lUPAC names are based on the cyclic ether, so 88 is 2-oxoolane and 89 is 2-oxooxane. 

Esters are named by first indicating the alkyl group attached to the oxygen atom followed by the carboxylic acid, for which the suffix ic acid is replaced with ate. ... 

The names of acyl compounds are based on the parent carboxylic acid. The lUPAC systematic naming protocol for esters (R—COOR ) has the R group named as the carboxylic acid and the ic acidis replaced with the suffix ate. So the root word becomes alkanoate. The R group is named as the appropriate alkyl group and it is written as a separate word in front of the alkanoate. Therefore, the generic ester is alkyl alkanoate. The carbonyl carbon of the ester gets top priority in the naming scheme and substituents are numbered with respect to the carbonyl carbon as position 1 (Rg. 18.3). The common names for methanoate and ethanoate are formate and acetate, respectively, so we will frequently encounter alkyl (methyl, ethyl, etc.) formates and acetates. 

Carboxylic acids, esters, and amides A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that has a carboxyl group. A carboxyl group (-COOH) consists of a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group. Carboxylic acids are polar, reactive, and acidic. They are named by changing the -ane suffix of the parent alkane to -anoic acid. 

In this chapter, we will be discussing the chemistry of carboxylic acids, esters, acyl halides, anhydrides, and amides. This is dominated by substitution, where one group is exchanged with another. Substitution is NOT possible for aldehydes and ketones, as you can t displace H or — they are hopeless leaving groups. First, let s review some nomenclature. The suffix for carboxylic acids is -oic acid and the carbonyl of the acid is always numbered as C-1. The acid takes precedence over most other functional groups. Some examples are shown in Figure 15.1. Notice that when we have both a ketone and an acid in the molecule, it is named as a carboxylic acid, and the ketone is described as oxo. ... 

The names of esters are derived from the names of the alcohol and carboxylic acid from which they were made. The name of the alcohol comes first, so esters of methanol begin with methyl, those of ethanol with ethyl, etc. The suffix for the acid part of the name is -oate. So we might have ethyl ethanoate. For 15.1, the alcohol is 3-methyl-l-butanol, and the acid is ethanoic acid. So the ester is named 3-methyl-l-butyl ethanoate. It is banana scented. Similarly, 15.2 is 1-propyl ethanoate and 15.3 ethyl butanoate. If you find this challenging, it s a good strategy to write down the acid and alcohol separately before coming to a conclusion. 

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