Parent alkane

Pick out the longest continuous carbon chain and find the lUPAC name m Table 2 2 that corresponds to the unbranched alkane having that number of carbons This is the parent alkane from which the lUPAC name is to be derived... 

Write the name of the compound The parent alkane is the last part of the name and is preceded by the names of the substituent groups and their numerical locations (locants) Hyphens separate the locants from the words... 

Diols are almost always given substitutive lUPAC names As the name of the prod uct m the example indicates the substitutive nomenclature of diols is similar to that of alcohols The suffix dwl replaces ol and two locants one for each hydroxyl group are required Note that the final e of the parent alkane name is retained when the suffix begins with a consonant ( diol) but dropped when the suffix begins with a vowel ( ol)... 

Although members of the class are commonly called alkyl halides, they are named systematically as haloalkanes (Section 3.4), treating the halogen as a substituent on a parent alkane chain. There are three steps ... 

Simple alcohols are named by the IUPAC system as derivatives of the parent alkane, using the suffix -ol. 

The name of an alcohol is derived from the parent alkane the letter e is removed and replaced by ol Where necessary, a number is added before the oT to show the position of the hydroxyl group. 

The major hydrocarbon product is the parent alkane, propane, formed by loss of the carboxyl group. Smaller amounts of other fragments, such as propene, methane and hydrogen are also observed. These are most likely formed as a result of reactions of the propane radical for example propene can be formed by disproportionation of the propane radical ... 

Alcohols are named from the parent alkane the alkane with the same basic carbon structure. Follow the steps on the next page to name an alcohol. The Sample Problem that follows gives an example. 

Step 1 Locate the longest chain that contains an — OH group attached to one of the carbon atoms. Name the parent alkane. 

Step 2 Replace the -e at the end of the name of the parent alkane with -ol. 

Step 3 Add a position number before the root of the name to indicate the location of the —OH group. (Remember to number the main chain of the hydrocarbon so that the hydroxyl group has the lowest possible position number.) If there is more than one —OH group, leave the -e in the name of the parent alkane, and put the appropriate prefix (di-, tri-, or tetra-) before the suffix -ol. 

Step 1 The main chain has six carbon atoms. The name of the parent alkane is hexane. 

Step 1 Choose the longest alkyl group as the parent alkane. Give it an alkane name. 

Step 3 Put the prefix and suffix together alkoxy group + parent alkane. 

Step 1 Identify the largest hydrocarbon group attached to the nitrogen atom as the parent alkane. 

Step 1 The propyl group is the largest of the two hydrocarhon groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Therefore, the parent alkane is propane. 

Like the other organic compounds you have encountered, the names of aldehydes and ketones are based on the names of the parent alkanes. 

Step 1 Name the parent alkane. Always give the carbon atom of the carbonyl group the position number 1. 

Step 2 Replace the -e at the end of the name of the parent alkane with -al. The carbonyl group is always given position number 1. Therefore, you do not need to include a position number for it. 

Choose a parent alkane that has four to ten carbon atoms (butane to decane). 

By adding functional groups to your parent alkane, build a model of a molecule from each class of organic compounds ... 

From the shift of the parent alkane [169] and the rules given in Ref. 165. 

Problem 7.3 Compare and account for differences in the (a) dipole moment, (6) boiling point, (c) density and (d) solubility in water of an alkyl halide RX and its parent alkane RH. 

Amines are named by adding the suffix-amine to the name of (a) the alkyl group attached to N or b) the longest alkane chain. The terminal e in the name of the parent alkane is dropped when amine follows but not when, for example, diamine follows [see Problem 18.1(d)]. Thus, CH3CH(NH2)CHjCHj is named sec-butylamine or 2-butanamine. Amines, especially with other functional groups, are named by considering amino, N-alkylamino and N,N-dialkylamino as substituents on the parent molecule N indicates substitution on nitrogen. 

---