Alcohol oxygen

Development of SASOL. Over 70% of South Africa s needs for transportation fuels are being suppHed by iadirect Hquefaction of coal. The medium pressure Fischer-Tropsch process was put iato operation at Sasolburgh, South Africa ia 1955 (47). An overall flow schematic for SASOL I is shown ia Figure 12. The product slate from this faciUty is amazingly complex. Materials ranging from hydrocarbons through oxygenates, alcohols, and acids are all produced. 

Similar results have been obtained over alumina alone, in the presence of propene [27], The initial HC of the feed (propene) has to first transform to oxygenates (alcohol, aldehyde, etc.) - simultaneously to the NO decomposition (function 3) - to scavenge adsorbed oxygen species left by NO decomposition and regenerate the active sites of function 3. The mild oxidation of HC to oxygenates is the role of function 2 of the present model. 

Function 3 can be studied separately by direct injection of the CxHyO., oxygenates (alcohol, aldehyde, etc.) corresponding to the mild oxidation process of HC by N02. 

Liquid oxygen-alcohol propints were studied at Reaction Motors, and resulted in the 1500 N4C engine, which powered the experimental X-l supersonic airplane (Ref 5)... 

Selectivity is the ratio of the reactant carbon monoxide converted to propylene and higher hydrocarbons and all oxygenates (alcohols, aldehydes, and acids) to the reactant carbon monoxide converted to all hydrocarbons plus oxygenates. A selectivity of 100% indicates the production of propylene and heavier hydrocarbons plus oxygenates but no methane, ethylene, or ethane, and a selectivity of 0% indicates the production of methane, ethylene, and ethane but no higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. Theoretically selectivity can range between 0 and 100% independent of conversion or carbon dioxide production. 

For the formation of hydrocarbons, the turnover rates are within the same order of magnitude (from 0.25 to 0.85 s-1) except for WC/A1203 where the activity is much lower because of the small extent of carbidic tungsten phase on alumina. For the Rh catalyst, at low temperature (476 K) the formation of Q and C2 oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) are... 

S. Chandrasekaran, 170 NMR spectroscopy for single bonded oxygen Alcohol, ethers and their derivatives, in 170 NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry, D. W. Boykin, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1991. 

Unlike many other type of radical addition reactions, the product is most often an alkyl-cobalt(III) species capable of further manipulation. These product Co—C bonds have been converted in good yields to carbon-oxygen (alcohol, acetate), carbon-nitrogen (oxime, amine), carbon-halogen, carbon-sulfur (sulfide, sulfinic acid) and carbon-selenium bonds (equations 179 and 180)354. Exceptions to this rule are the intermolecular additions to electron-deficient olefins, in which the putative organocobalt(III) species eliminates to form an a,/ -unsaturated carbonyl compound or styrene353 or is reduced (under electrochemical conditions) to the alkane (equation 181)355. 

Organic Compounds Containing Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Alcohols and Ethers... 

Oxidation Adjacent to Oxygen ( Alcohols by Chromium Reagents... 

CjHg n,i-PrCHO + rU-BuGH" Oxygenates Alcohol n-Isomer ... 

Elements of Group V Bonds to Oxygen.—Alcohol groups can be displaced from triethoxyarsine by oximes or diethylhydroxylamine in a stepwise manner to give the products (EtO)3-nAs(ON=CR1R2) .659 Two hew 1,3,2-dioxa-arsolans (92) result when tris(dimethylamino)arsine and either ethylene glycol or pinacol react, and further reaction of these compounds with a -hydroxy-acids leads... 

These results indicate that the Feli(ROOH)2+ adduct (Scheme 4-2) oxygenates alcohols (and ethers) and that HCX)H and f-BuOOH are more reactive than nj-ClPhC(O)OOH. A mechanism that is consistent with these observations involves either (1) the homolytic scission of the sideon RO-OH bond [1, Scheme... 

Catalytic oxidative transformations of lower alkanes attract the attention as possible ways to transfer these substances into more suitable chemicals - olefins and oxygenates (alcohols, aldehydes, acids, etc.) - and to involve them into the industrial use as raw materials for chemical and petrochemical synthesis. However, the yields of desirable products reached up to date are not sufficiently high. The progress in the studies of intrinsic mechanism of catalytic partial oxidation of lower alkanes is not sustainable either. We believe that these two facts are correlated and that the analysis we performed in the present work can brighten up some important details of the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of lower alkanes. ... 

Reactions (5)-(8) and (10) lead to the formation of stable molecules (hydrocarbons and aldehydes). Subsequent reactions of peroxy- (CnH2n+i02) and oxy-radicals (CnH2n+iO) formed in reactions (9) and (11) lead to the formation of oxygenates (alcohols, aldehydes, etc.), carbon oxides, and/or olefins. The fractions of radicals transformed into different final products depend on the reaction conditions (temperature, oxygen pressure) and on the number of carbon atoms in the alkane molecule. For example, the stability of peroxy radicals decreases with increase of the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl fragment, that is why the probability of total oxidation via their subsequent transformations decreases from methane to... 

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