Carbohydrates requirement for

The formation of a triglyceride that requires the presence of glycerol introduces a carbohydrate requirement for the storage of fat. When... 

A fourth class, proposed by Klaenhammer [21] is rather questionable. This class comprised the complex bacteriocins, composed of protein plus one or more chemical moieties (lipid, carbohydrate) required for activity plantaricin S, leuconocin S, lactocin 27, pediocin SJ-1 [57-61]. The existence of this fourth class was supported by the observation that some bacteriocin activities were destroyed by glycolytic and lipolytic enzymes [60]. However, such bacteriocins have not yet been characterized adequately at the biochemical level and the recognition of this class therefore seems to be premature. The class IIC of the Klaenhammer [21] classification has recently been shown not to exist. 

Tremblay, 1. and Tremblay, F.M. (1991) Carbohydrate requirements for the development of black spruce Picea mariana) and red spruce (P. riAens) somatic embryos. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult, 27 95-103. 

The coupling partners, olefinated carbohydrates required for hydroboration are prepared via methylenation of the aldehyde or ketone moiety of the monosaccharides. 

Conti C, Superti F, Tsiang H. Membrane carbohydrate requirement for rabies virus binding to chicken embryo related cells. Intervirology. 1986 26(3) 164-168. 

Requirements for energy, protein, carbohydrates, Hpids, vitamins and minerals have been determined for the species commonly cultured (9). As a rule of thumb, trout and salmon diets will, if consumed, support growth and survival in virtually any aquaculture species. Such diets often serve as the control against which experimental diets are compared. 

Natural rubber is harvested as latex by tapping trees in a manner similar to maple syrup. Tree latex contains about 35 wt% rubber solids, as well as small quantities of carbohydrates, resins, mineral salts and fatty acids. Ammonia should be immediately added to the latex to avoid coagulation by these other ingredients and to prevent bacterial degradation. After collection, the latex can be concentrated to 60-70% solids if the latex product is required for end-use. Otherwise, the latex is coagulated, washed, dried, and pressed into bales for use as dry rubber. 

This is the only function of maltase, but it is one that no other enzyme can perform. Many such digestive enzymes are required for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It has been estimated that without enzymes, it would take upward of 50 years to digest a meal. 

Insulin is a hormone manufactured by the beta cells of the pancreas. It is the principal hormone required for the proper use of glucose (carbohydrate) by the body. Insulin also controls the storage and utilization of amino acids and fatty acids. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by inhibiting glucose production by the liver. 

Amenorrhea, other menstrual irregularities, development of cushingoid state, suppression of growth in children, secondary adrenocortical and pituitary unresponsive (particularly in times of stress), decreased carbohydrate tolerance, manifestation of latent diabetes mellitus, increased requirements for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents (in diabetics)... 

Carbohydrates (sugars) catabolism provides the major share of the energy requirement for maintenance of life and performance of work. 

Because they are readily available from natural sources in enantiomerically pure form, carbohydrates are very useful starting materials for the synthesis of other enantiomerically pure substances. However, the high number of similar functional groups present in the carbohydrates requires versatile techniques for protection and deprotection. Show how appropriate manipulation of protecting groups and other selective reactions could be employed to effect the following transformations. 

Hepatic steatosis usually is a result of excessive administration of carbohydrates and/or lipids, but deficiencies of carnitine, choline, and essential fatty acids also may contribute. Hepatic steatosis can be minimized or reversed by avoiding overfeeding, especially from dextrose and lipids.35,38 Carnitine is an important amine that transports long-chain triglycerides into the mitochondria for oxidation, but carnitine deficiency in adults is extremely rare and is mostly a problem in premature infants and patients receiving chronic dialysis. Choline is an essential amine required for synthesis of cell membrane components such as phospholipids. Although a true choline deficiency is rare, preliminary studies of choline supplementation to adult patients PN caused reversal of steatosis. 

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