Carbohydrates tolerance

Hydrocortisone and Prednisolone. Following the discovery of the antiinflammatory actions of cortisone (1) and cortisol (2), there was a need not only to develop highly efficient routes to the corticoids, but to discover novel stmctures with fewer side effects than those of the corticoids, eg, sodium and water retention, reduced carbohydrate tolerance (steroid diabetes), osteoporosis, and depressed host defense. 

Amenorrhea, other menstrual irregularities, development of cushingoid state, suppression of growth in children, secondary adrenocortical and pituitary unresponsive (particularly in times of stress), decreased carbohydrate tolerance, manifestation of latent diabetes mellitus, increased requirements for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents (in diabetics)... 

Miscellaneous—edema changes in libido breast pain, enlargement, and tenderness reduced carbohydrate tolerance venous thromboembolism ... 

LAYER P, RIZZA R A, ZINSMEISTER A R, CARLSON G L, DIMAGNO E P (1986) Effect of a purified amylase inhibitor on carbohydrate tolerance in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus . Mayo Clin Proc. 61 442-7. 

Weinberger MH. Mechanisms of diuretic effects on carbohydrate tolerance, insulin sensitivity and lipid levels. Eur Heart J 1992 13(Suppl G) 5-9. 

Parsons WB (1961a) Studiesontheuseofnicotinicacidinhypercholesterolemia changes in hepatic function, carbohydrate tolerance and uric acid metabolism. Archives of Internal Medicine 107, 653-67. 

The effects of thiazide-type diuretics on carbohydrate tolerance cannot be ignored (50). There is a definite relation between diuretic treatment, impaired glucose tolerance, and biochemical diabetes, and a possible relation with insulin resistance (64). It is well estabhshed that the effect of thiazides on blood glucose is dose-related, probably linearly, while the antihjrpertensive effect has httle relation to dose (65-67). There is relatively httle information on the time-course numerous short-term studies have shown that the blood glucose concentration increases in 4-8 weeks (68). The evidence that current low dosages impair glucose tolerance in the long term is not entirely consistent, perhaps because of differences between studies... 

The short-term efficacy of guar on postprandial glucose lowering has been repeatedly shown (Jenkins et al., 1977a, 1978 Johnson and Gee, 1980 Schwartz et al., 1982). The acute effect of guar on carbohydrate and fat metabolism lasts at least 4h and may result in improved carbohydrate tolerance to subsequent guar-free meals (Jenkins et al., 1980). 

C. Toxicity Cutaneous flushing is a common adverse effect. Pretreatment with aspirin or other NSAIDs reduces the intensity of this flushing, suggesting that it is mediated by prostaglandin release. Tolerance to the flushing reaction usually develops within a few days. Dose-dependent nausea and abdominal discomfort often occur. Pruritus and other skin conditions are reported. Moderate elevations of liver enzymes and even severe hepatotoxicity may occur. Hyperuricemia occurs in about 20% of patients, and carbohydrate tolerance may be moderately impaired. 

The results of the oral carbohydrate tolerance test and the long-term administration test suggest that immature LJE suppresses the postprandial blood glucose level. These results suggest that immature LJE can be used as a food for the prevention of diabetes. The active component in LJE remains to be elucidated. 

Kay, R. M., Grubin, W., and Track, N. S., 1981, Diets rich in natural fibre improve carbohydrate tolerance in maturity-onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, Diabetologia 20 18. 

Rabinowitch, I. M., 1935, Effects of the high carbohydrate, low calorie diet upon carbohydrate tolerance in diabetes mellitus. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 33 136. 

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