Carbohydrate polymers, compositional

Cady, S., Fishbein, R., Schroder, U., Eriksson, H., and Probasco, B., 1993, Water dispersible and water soluble carbohydrate polymer compositions for parenteral administration of growth hormone, US. Patent 5,266,333, November 30, 1993. 

T. Salomonsen, H.M. Jensen, D. Stenbaek and S.B. Engelsen, Chemometric prediction of alginate monomer compositions A comparative spectroscopic study using IR, Raman, NIR, and NMR, Carbohydr. Polym., 72, 730-739 (2008). 

Ma X, Chang PR, Yu J, Wang N (2008) Preparation and properties of biodegradable poly (propylene carbonate)/thermoplastic dried starch composites. Carbohydr Polym 71(2) ... 

Bertoft, E. (2007a). Composition of clusters and their arrangement in potato amylopectin. Carbohydr. Polym., 68, 433 46. 

Bertoft, E., Piyachomkwan, K., Chatakanonda, R, Sriroth, K. (2008). Internal unit chain composition in amy-lopectins. Carbohydr. Polym., 74, 527-543. 

Hoover, R. (2001). Composition, molecular structure, and physicochemical properties of tuber and root starches a review. Carbohydr. Polym., 45, 253-267. 

Veluraja, K., Ayyalnarayanasubburaj, S. and Paulraj, A.J. (1997) Preparation of gum from tamarind seed and its application in the preparation of composite material with sisal fibre. Carbohydrate Polymers 34, 377-379. 

T. Turquois, S. Acquistapace, F. Arce Vera, and D. H. Welti, Composition of carrageenan blends inferred from 13C-NMR and infrared spectroscopic analysis, Carbohydr. Polym., 31 (1996) 269-278. 

M. Dyrby, R. V. Petersen, J. Larsen, B. Rudolf, L. N0rgaard, and S. B. Engelsen, Towards on-line monitoring of the composition of commercial carrageenan powders, Carbohydr. Polym., 57 (2004) 337-348. 

K. Truus, R. Tuvikene, M. Vaher, T. Kailas, P. Toomik, and T. Pehk, Structural and compositional characteristics of gelling galactan from the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis (Ahnfeltiales, the Sea of Japan, Carbohydr. Polym., 63 (2006) 130-135. 

D. A. Navarro and C. A. Stortz, Isolation of xylogalactans from the Corallinales Influence of theextraction method on yields and composition, Carbohydr. Polym., 49 (2002) 57-62. 

Polymer adsorption has also been adapted to QCM sensing whereby biofunctional thin films are adsorbed on the crystal surface with non-specific binding controlled by tuning of polymer composition. This approach proved successful as applied to carbohydrate-protein interaction by Matsuura et al. through adsorption of lactose bearing amphiphilic polymers on hydrophobic surfaces which then showed RCA12o and peanut lectin (PNA) affinity [33]. Carbohydrate surfaces prepared by photo insertion into an adsorbed polymer were tested by QCM and showed the predicted affinities [34] while in another example a covalently bound glycopolymer demonstrated Concanavalin A detection ability [35]. 

Aloe is a medicinal plant that has been used since ancient times by cultures in many countries and continents for many of the same applications. Africa is blessed with a wide variety of Aloe spp. each used by the indigenous cultures. Fleshy leaves are the source of two of the main products, gel and latex, with both products showing distinct differences in their chemical composition. Chemical composition of gel consists mainly of water with carbohydrate polymers and a range of other organic and inorganic components. In contrast, the chemical composition of the latex includes many phenolic compounds such as anthraquinones and chromones. The objective of this paper is to review the the botany, chemistiy and pharmacological properties of Aloes from Africa. 

Properties A carbohydrate polymer of varying chemical composition. The properties depend on freshness and time of storage. Viscosity greatly decreases over 6 months storage. Forms a translucent colloidal gel in water. 

Draget, K.I. Skjak-Braek, G. Smidsrod, O. Alginic acid gels the effect of alginate chemical composition and molecular weight. Carbohydr. Polym. 1994, 25, 31. 

The subject of the secondary protein structure as a means of defining the performance characteristics ofwheat endosperm-known as hardness-been explored over a seven year period [39, 40]. Another approach, taken by Baron et al., involves the IMS imaging of the endosperm cell walls rather than of the protein found in the endosperm itself [61]. All of these authors performed the imaging in situ, following removal of the protein and starch, in order to study the compositional and architectural heterogeneity and, in relation to this, wheat hardness. In this case, the research was focused on kernel hardness rather than on endosperm hardness, as was the case with our studies. A further study of carbohydrate polymers by the same group involved the investigation of cereal arabinoxylans in relation to their structure and physico-chemical properties. 

Plackett D, Andersen TL, Pedersen WB, Nielsen L (2003) Biodegradable composites based on L-polylactide and jute fibres. Compos Sci Technol 63(9) 1287-1296 Sebastien F, Stephane G, Copinet A, Coma V (2006) Novel biodegradable films made from chitosan and poly(lactic acid) with antifungal properties against mycotoxinogen strains. Carbohydr Polym 65(2) 185-193... 

Sophorolipids are extracellular glycolipids that can be produced in high yields from yeast fermentation. Waller et al (57) carried out metathesis reactions to produce high molecular weight polymers from sophorolipids. Another example of the use of polysaccharide is the paper by Jong (P), where carbohydrates are incorporated in polymer composites. 

Reinforcement Effect of Soy Protein and Carbohydrates in Polymer Composites... 

Venkatesan, J., Qian,Z.-J., Ryu, B., Ashok Kumar, N., and Kim, S.-K. (2011a). Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotube-grafted-chitosan— Natural hydroxyapatite composite for bone tissue engineering. Carbohydr. Polym. 83,569-577. 

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