Composites characteristics

FIGURE 48 A soil profile. Many of the characteristics of soils vary with depth. A convenient way of representing its varying characteristics is by dividing the soil into layers, usually referred to as horizons, identified by letter symbols. The surface layer, which is known as the A horizon, is generally rich in organic matter. Next come the B and C horizons, each of which may have compositional characteristics and modifications. The deepest soil horizon (R) is solid rock. The illustration identifies clearly defined horizons, although in most soils the horizons are not as clear and in some they may be very diffuse. 

Mutual solid-state solubility a simple structural representation - order/ disorder. In a number of systems such as the previously described V-Mo and Cs-Rb, continuous solid solutions are formed in the whole range of compositions, characteristics and structures of which will be discussed in more detail in Chapter 3. These result from two metals having the same crystal structure, which is maintained for all the intermediate compositions, due to a continuous random substitution of the atoms of one kind for another and vice versa. 

McCusker, L.B., Liebau, F., and Engelhardt, G. (2003) Nomenclature of structural and compositional characteristics of ordered microporous and mesoporous materials with inorganic hosts (lUPAC recommendations 2001). Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 58 (11), 3-13. 

Mueller R. F. (1960). Compositional characteristics and equilibrium relation in mineral assemblages of a metamorphosed iron formation. Amer Jour. Scl, 258 449-497. 

ITie work described in this chapter was initiated to determine the kinetics of enzymatic and microbial attack on blends containing starch and LDPE or starch, LDPE, and EAA. From the initial studies came a more general goal of identifying structural and compositional characteristics of blends (in general) that facilitate or retard degradation of the polysaccharide component. 

Oezcan, M., and A. Akguel. Some compositional characteristics of S1062 sesame seeds and oil. Turk J Agr For... 

The week of observations at Xlnglong reported here, 16-21 March 1980, was one in which the effect of air pollution on aerosol composition was lessened by the end on 15 March, by official policy, of much residential coal burning for space heating in Beijing. A brief report of results at Xlnglong for the week of 9-16 March is published elsewhere W. After 15 March the larger scale aerosol composition characteristics and their relation to air mass movements can be more readily discerned, as has been described above. 

The Clean Air Act of 1990 has made trace metal content in fuels and wastes the final ash-related compositional characteristic of significance. Considerable attention is paid (ca 1993) to emissions of such metals as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, silver, and zinc. The concentration of these metals in both grate ash and flyash is of significance as a result of federal and state requirements of particular importance is the mobility of metals. This mobility, and the consequent toxicity of the ash product, is determined by the Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (tclp) test. Tables 8—10 present trace metal contents for wood wastes and agricultural wastes, municipal waste, and refuse-derived fuel, respectively. In Table 8, the specific concentration of various components in the RDF governs the expected average concentration of trace metals. 

Interaction between magma and wall rocks has been a common process in the Roman Province. However, the core problem is the question of how much this interaction has modified the pristine compositional characteristics of the mafic parent magmas. A particularly important issue is whether the crustal-like geochemical and isotopic signatures of Roman mafic vol-canics can be explained solely by some form of crustal assimilation. These problems have been discussed at length not only for the Roman Province but for all the potassic volcanoes occurring across the Italian peninsula and in the Aeolian arc. 

The Emici and Roccamonfina magmas exhibit peculiar compositional characteristics in terms of their very variable geochemical and isotopic signatures for potassic to ultrapotassic mafic rocks. These are not encountered in other potassic volcanoes of central Italy (i.e. Roman and Campanian provinces, with the possible exception of Vico volcano), where coexisting KS and HKS rocks have different potassium and incompatible trace element abundances but exhibit similar incompatible element ratios and radiogenic isotope signatures (Peccerillo 1999, 2002). 

A summary of the ages and compositional characteristics of volcanism in Campania, the Pontine Island and Vulture is given in Table 6.1. Data on representative rocks are reported in Table 6.2. 

Based on compositional characteristics summarised above, major petrological problems for the Aeolian arc magmatism include ... 

MORB, OIB and island-arc geochemical signatures, respectively. The distribution of various rock types are schematically shown in Fig. 9.1. Compositional characteristics and ages are given in Tables 9.2. Compositions for selected rocks are reported in Table 9.4. The TAS diagram based on oxide concentrations recalculated on a water-free basis is shown in Fig. 9.10. Variation diagrams of some major and trace elements and mantle-normalised incompatible element patterns for selected samples are shown in Figs. 9.11 and 9.12. 

---