Carbohydrate-based vaccine

Rg. 60. Schematic representation of a fully synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine. 

R. Roy, New trends in carbohydrate-based vaccines, Drug Discov. Today, 1 (2004) 327-336. 

Volume 36 will be dedicated to carbohydrate-based vaccines and to the utilization of the azide functionality in chemical and biological areas of the glycosciences. There are recent reports on interesting applications of azides in this area, and as starting materials for a variety of important bioactive carbohydrates. Hence, the synthesis, reactivity and application of azides in glycomics will also be included in this volume. 

Keding SJ, Danishefsky SJ (2003) Synthetic Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines. In Wong C-H (ed) Carbohydrate-Based Drug Discovery, vol 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 381... 

Several carbohydrate-based vaccines are currently undergoing clinical evaluation [83,84], however, vaccines based on immunization with oligosaccharides alone have been met with... 

In addition, carbohydrate conjugates can be utilized to develop carbohydrate-based vaccines for treatment of diseases in which carbohydrate toxins or antigens, respectively, are involved. Thus, fully synthetic glycoconjugates might be developed into vaccines for malaria, and other parasites such as different bacteria, tuberculosis, tropical diseases, leishmaniasis and the Influenzae virus. 

Cancer. The development of carbohydrate-based vaccines designed to activate T-cells targeting of cancer cells has been pursued for some time. The goal of a cancer vaccine is to make the host immune system responsive to antigens characteristic of cancer cells. Several carbohydrate-based therapeutics that have now reached clinical trials seek to estab-... 

Wei Zhao obtained his BS in chemistry (1999) from Shandong University and his Ph.D. in environmental chemistry (2005) from the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is currently an associate professor in the College of Pharmacy at Nankai University, China. His research interests include gly-coscience with an emphasis on carbohydrate chemistry, glycopharmaceutical science, carbohydrate-based vaccines, drugs and immunotherapy, as well as the structural and mechanism-based design and synthesis of inhibitors and ligands. 

Figure 5. A novel cancer therapy by carbohydrate-based vaccine.

For a review of eonjugation methods in vaccine development, see V. Pozsgay and J. Kubler-Kielb, in Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines, R. Roy, ed. ACS Symposium Series 989, Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 36. 

Gold NPs have been used as multivalent and multifunctional platforms for tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens in combination with suitable immunogenic carriers to develop carbohydrate-based vaccines. The pioneering group of Penades was the first to identify gold NPs as potential scaffolds for vaccine preparation [84]. 

Therapeutic glycoprotein hormone gonadotropins and anti-cancer multivalent constructs are documented in Chapters 22 and 23, respectively, while the field of carbohydrate-based vaccines is covered in the next three chapters, focusing on anti-cancer vaccines (Chapters 24 and 25), and antibacterial and antifungal vaccines (Chapter 26). 

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