Gonadotropin hormone

The present review will focus on the behavioral consequences of two peptidergic compounds, oxytocin and vasopressin. A variety of other peptides, such as corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), gonadotropin-hormone releasing hormone (GNRH), and the endogenous opiates, such as beta-endorphin (to name only a few) also influence behavior. 

VA) per frog once a day is adequate (Yao et ah, 2000). An additional consideration may be the need to induce ovulation by injection of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG, see Goldin, 1992). 

Four-week-old C57B1/6 females are super-ovulated with pregnant mare serum 2 d prior to mating and with human chorionic gonadotropin hormone on the day of mating with C57B1/6 males. 

Human chorionic gonadotropin—Hormone secreted by the embryo that maintains the corpus luteum. 

GnRH is a decapeptide (Table I) that stimulates production of gonadotropin hormone (GTH) through interaction with specific receptors. 

T.F. Walsh and co-workers synthesized two (S)- 3-methyl-2-aryltryptamine based gonadotropin hormone antagonists via a consecutive Larock indole synthesis and Suzuki cross-coupling. The required (S)-P-methyltryptophol derivatives were prepared by coupling 4-substituted o-iodoanilines with optically active internal alkynes under standard conditions. The resulting 2-trialkylsilyl substituted indoles were then subjected to a silver-assisted iododesilylation reaction to afford the 2-iodo-substituted indoles that served as coupling partners for the Suzuki cross-coupling step. 

The situation improved with the arrival of the anti-androgens like cypro-terone acetate and flutamide, which function like tamoxifen and deny access of testosterone to its receptors in cancer cells. In addition, mimics of the gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone, like leuprolide and goserelin, were discovered, and these act upon the pituitary to switch off the production of LH. This in turn leads to a diminished production of testosterone by the testes. None of these new drugs could effect a cure, although they did cause tumour regression, and where metastasis had led to spread of the tumour to the bones (a frequent problem with this cancer), they provided pain relief. In... 

Kerman, K., Nagatani, N., Chikae, M., Yuhi, T., Takamura, Y., Tamiya, E. (2006). Label-free electrochemical immunoassay for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone. Anal Chem 78, 5612-5616. 

Scheme 10 Synthesis of p-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone, p-hCG[l-145]...

A single injection of kisspeptin in animals has been found to stimulate a huge increase in the secretion of gonadotropins (hormones that stimulate the production of testosterone (see p489) in men and estradiol (pl85) in women). Repeated injections into immature rats have been shown to advance the age of puberty. 

SCHEME 14.7. Asymmetric hydroformylation of aUyl cyanide allows access to important chiral htulding blocks, including the nonpeptide gonadotropin hormone antagonist 1 and tachykinin NKi receptor antagonist 2. 

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