Capital investment, conventional

Some details of this new process have been pubUshed by UOP (86). UOP claims equal or better LAB product quaUty via the fixed-bed process compared with the conventional Hquid-phase process employing HP acid catalyst. The new technology requites approximately 15% lower capital investment, mosdy the result of the elimination of safety equipment and equipment related to HP acid neutralization. 

The early 1980s saw considerable interest in a new form of silicone materials, namely the liquid silicone mbbers. These may be considered as a development from the addition-cured RTV silicone rubbers but with a better pot life and improved physical properties, including heat stability similar to that of conventional peroxide-cured elastomers. The ability to process such liquid raw materials leads to a number of economic benefits such as lower production costs, increased ouput and reduced capital investment compared with more conventional rubbers. Liquid silicone rubbers are low-viscosity materials which range from a flow consistency to a paste consistency. They are usually supplied as a two-pack system which requires simple blending before use. The materials cure rapidly above 110°C and when injection moulded at high temperatures (200-250°C) cure times as low as a few seconds are possible for small parts. Because of the rapid mould filling, scorch is rarely a problem and, furthermore, post-curing is usually unnecessary. 

Other discounting conventions can be used for selecting capital investments. Time-adjusted cash flows can be expressed not only in terms of present value, but also as future, and equivalent annual values. 

The relatively low capital investment associated with compounding machinery (usually less than 1 million for a line, compared with many millions for a conventional reactor), coupled with a processing need for small amounts of tailored materials, allows small and mid-sized compounding companies to take advantage of producing reactive polymers. 

For the majority of merchant ships, which dry-dock at intervals of about 12 to 18 months, the conventional paint-formulations containing simple triorganotin additives are quite satisfactory, and provide adequate protection over this period. However, giant tankers involve capital investment that runs into millions of pounds, and their economical... 

MSCC [Millisecond catalytic cracking] A fluid catalytic cracking process which uses an ultra-short contact time reaction system. It is claimed that less capital investment and higher liquid yields can be achieved using this process, compared with conventional FCC units. Developed by Bar-Co and now offered by UOP it has been operating since 1994. 

The conventional ion-exchange method also has some major disadvantages, such as the high capital investment (both an ion-exchange unit and an electrolytic unit are needed), and the increased complexity of operation (only a few high-volume laboratories have used this method successfully). However, it remains an option for those laboratories that must meet strict limits on... 

Land for the project is available at 300,000. The fixed capital investment was estimated to be 12,000,000. A working capital of 1,800,000 is needed initially for the venture. Start-up expenses based upon past experience are estimated to be 750,000. The project qualifies under IRS guidelines as a 5-year class life investment. The company uses MACRS depreciation with the half-year convention. At the conclusion of the prmect, the land and working capital are returned to management. Develop a cash flow analysis for this project, using a cumulative cash position table (Table 9-25). 

Considerable effort over the years has been devoted to a search for new oxo catalysts. This has been motivated by a desire to minimize the less valuable isobutyraldehyde/alcohol and also to lower oxo reaction temperatures and the high pressures (3-4000 psi) associated with the conventional cobalt process for reduced capital investment and increased energy savings. 

The LPS process offers a variety of manufacturing advantages over the conventional fabricating process. Primarily, benefits are seen in the reduction of capital investment and labor costs, (1,2) pollutants, waste material and energy requirements. The energy conservation by the LPS process is especially important and attractive in view of today s worsening energy situation. 

LIM offers an automated low-pressure processing of (usually) conventional liquid TPs or TSs and RPs having faster molding cycles, low labor cost, low capital investment, energy saving, and space saving. 

The total capital investment for a conventional chemical plant is 1,500,000, and the plant produces 3 million kg of product annually. The selling price of the product is... 

Future ethylbenzene alkylation catalyst development efforts will also undoubtedly focus on systems that convert less conventional feedstocks including ethane and ethanol. The two-step Dow ethane based process for ethylbenzene production is believed to be uneconomical because of its high capital investment requirement (26). However, it is a very attractive concept, and could be implemented if more efficient catalysts or improved process designs could be developed. 

A summary of levelized H2 pump prices, system capital investments, and levelized PV electricity prices are presented in Figs. 8-11 A summary of results for first gen eration (Year 1 Year 30) H2 production are as follows. The levelized H2 pump price, which does not include fuel use taxes, ranges from 6.48- 5.53/kg for 10% and 14% efficient PV modules respectively. With fuel tax, the H2 pump price is 7.47 6.52/kg, which is comparable to high-end 2005-2006 U.S. gasoline prices when the H2 is for FCVs with a fuel economy 2.2-times greater than conventional ICE ve hides. 

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