Capillary electrophoresis desorption/ionization

Choudhary, G., Chakel, J., Hancock, W., Torres-Duarte, A., McMahon, G., and Wainer, I., Investigation of the potential of capillary electrophoresis with offline matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for clinical analysis examination of a glycoprotein factor associated with cancer cachexia, Anal. Chem. 71, 855, 1999. 

Figure 2.1 Mass spectrometric approach. Dl, direct inlet GC, gas chromatography HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography CZE, capillary zone electrophoresis El, electron ionization Cl, chemical ionization ESI, electrospray ionization DESI, desorption electrospray ionization APCI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MALDI, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization B, magnetic analyzer E, electrostatic analyzer...

DGE a AC AMS APCI API AP-MALDI APPI ASAP BIRD c CAD CE CF CF-FAB Cl CID cw CZE Da DAPCI DART DC DE DESI DIOS DTIMS EC ECD El ELDI EM ESI ETD eV f FAB FAIMS FD FI FT FTICR two-dimensional gel electrophoresis atto, 10 18 alternating current accelerator mass spectrometry atmospheric pressure chemical ionization atmospheric pressure ionization atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization atmospheric pressure photoionization atmospheric-pressure solids analysis probe blackbody infrared radiative dissociation centi, 10-2 collision-activated dissociation capillary electrophoresis continuous flow continuous flow fast atom bombardment chemical ionization collision-induced dissociation continuous wave capillary zone electrophoresis dalton desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization direct analysis in real time direct current delayed extraction desorption electrospray ionization desorption/ionization on silicon drift tube ion mobility spectrometry electrochromatography electron capture dissociation electron ionization electrospray-assisted laser desorption/ionization electron multiplier electrospray ionization electron transfer dissociation electron volt femto, 1CT15 fast atom bombardment field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry field desorption field ionization Fourier transform Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance... 

Stutz, H. (2005). Advances in the analysis of proteins and peptides by capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray—mass spectrometry detection. Electrophoresis 26, 1254—1290. 

Zhou, G. H., Luo, G. A., Zhou, Y, Zhou, K. Y, Zhang, X. D., and Huang, L. Q. (1998). Application of capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, electrospray mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry to the characterization of recombinant human erythropoietin. Electrophoresis 19, 2348—2355. 

Huck, C. W., Bakry, R., Huber, L. A., and Bonn, G. K. (2006). Progress in capillary electrophoresis coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 27, 2063—2074. 

Yeung, K. K. C., Kiceniuk, A. G., and Li, L. (2001). Capillary electrophoresis using a surfactant-treated capillary coupled with offline matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for high efficiency and sensitivity detection of proteins. /. Chromatogr. A 931, 153 — 162. 

Chakel, J. A., Erno, J., Hancock, W. S., and Swedberg, S. A. (1997). Analysis of recombinant DNA-derived glycoproteins via high-performance capillary electrophoresis coupled with off-line matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-fiight mass spectrometry. /. Chromatogr. B 689, 215—220. 

Page, J. S., Rubakhin, S. S., and Sweedler, J. V. (2000). Direct cellular assays using off-line capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Analyst 125, 555-562. 

Electrospray (ESI) is an atmospheric pressure ionization source in which the sample is ionized at an ambient pressure and then transferred into the MS. It was first developed by John Fenn in the late 1980s [1] and rapidly became one of the most widely used ionization techniques in mass spectrometry due to its high sensitivity and versatility. It is a soft ionization technique for analytes present in solution therefore, it can easily be coupled with separation methods such as LC and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The development of ESI has a wide field of applications, from small polar molecules to high molecular weight compounds such as protein and nucleotides. In 2002, the Nobel Prize was awarded to John Fenn following his studies on electrospray, for the development of soft desorption ionization methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules. ... 

Rubakhin, S.S., Page, J.S., Monroe, B.R., Sweedler, J.V. (2001). Analysis of cellular release using capillary electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis, 22(17), 3752-3758. 

Apffel, A. Chakel, J. Udiavar, S. Hancock, W. S. Souders, C. Pungor, E. Jr. 1995. Application of capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, on-line electrospray mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry to the characterization of single-chain plasminogen activator. . /. Chromatogr. A, 717,41-60. 

Elaboration of nerve agent toxicokinetics requires sophisticated analytical tools to detect and, if possible, to quantify the free toxicants as well as adducts with proteins and enzymes. Analysis of OP nerve agents has been performed by capillary electrophoresis (CE), biosensors, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS, desorption electrospray ionization MS (DESI MS), ion mobility time-of-flight MS (IM-TOF MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), LC-UV, gas chromatography (GC), and many more techniques (Hooijschuur et al, 2002 John et al, 2008). 

Zhang, H. and Caprioli, R.M. (1996) Capillary electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry continous sample deposition on a matrix-precoated membrane target. J. Mass Spectrom. 31, 1039-1046. 

Capillary electrophoresis has been used to separate and analyze synthetically modified carbohydrates in the nanogram to milligram range [163]. Ruorophore-assisted capillary electrophoresis (FACE) has successfully been used to separate nanogram amounts of maltodextrins, containing 4—76 D-glucose residues [164,165,166], see Fig. 9. Many carbohydrates can be analytically separated by matrix-assisted, laser desorption, ionization-time of flight. 

Other techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis and [matric-assisted laser desorption ionization] mass spectrometry, provide qualitative analyses, often with greater speed and sensitivity. Nevertheless, AAA by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) complements other structural analysis techniques, such as peptide sequencing, and remains indispensable for quantifying proteinaceous materials. 

Table 8.3. Representative bulk methods of organic characterization MALDl, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization MS, mass spectrometry CE, capillary electrophoresis. ... 

More success was obtained using on-line solid phase extraction before offline analysis by capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization (MALDI) MS [18]. Because microdialysis is a method used for analysis of small molecules and peptides, MALDI is not used frequently with microdia lysis sampling. Another disadvantage is that MALDI cannot be used on-line with the separation because it is a vacuum ionization technique. However, if the pep-tide is large enough (0 1000 Da) MALDI can be useful. For the analysis of peptides in dialysate an appropriate separation is important before mass spectrometric detection. In a comparison with direct sampling of dialysate in MALDI, capillary electrophoresis provides the high efficiency separations necessary to resolve all... 

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