Capacity static

Motor capacity (static endurance and dynamic performance at forced motor activity) was studied in a total of 96 albino rats that were repeatedly exposed to 0 (42 males/group), 48, 385, or 770 ppm carbon disulfide via inhalation (18 males/group) (Frantik 1970). Acute toxicity was measured 0-60 minutes after termination of exposure, and chronic toxicity was measured 48-72 hours postexposure. After initial exposure to the 770-ppm dose there were reductions in spontaneous motor activity (60%), conditioned avoidance, and motor performance. Effects persisted for 24 hours but disappeared completely 3 days postexposure and failed to reappear after repeated experiments. Symptoms of motor impairment were observed after a variable latent period and were related to exposure concentration (385-ppm dose,... 

As we have described, TGF has successfully demonstrated the simultaneous concentration and separation of a wide range of species in a variety of implementations. Key figures of merit for TGF as a separation modality are the concentration factor and peak capacity. Static TGF, where the externally applied pressure remains constant, has demonstrated concentration factors in excess of 20,000 but is limited to peak capacities <10 [56], As a result, there has been recent work to develop a dynamic form of TGF called scanning TGF [67], where the externally applied pressure is varied with time. This technique allows higher peak capacity and tunable resolution and concentration by adjusting the rate at which the procedure scans through the applied pressures. 

Osterberg (1984) developed a method that reduces the cost of conducting high capacity static load tests, in particular for the drilled shafts, as shown in Figure 11.6. Once the concrete is in place, the operator pumps hydraulic fluid into the jack and keeps track of both pressure and volume. The jack expands and pushes up on the shaft. A dial gauge measures this movement, from which a plot of side friction capacity versus axial movement can be obtained. The devise also includes a telltale rod that extends from the bottom of the pancake jack to the ground surface. It measures the downward movement at the bottom, and thus produces a plot of toe-bearing pressure versus axial movement. 

The static adsorption capacity, static activity X, may be derived from the respective adsorption isotherm (see Chapter 1.4.4.2). A steep course of the isotherm in the log A /log Pi diagram gives a favorable adsorption. Additional adsorbent consumption has to be taken into account during design to consider adsorbent ageing, adsorbent damage, adsorption displacement etc. [4.28, 4.29, 4.34]. 

Heat extraction techniques for solid sample preparation in GC are static and dynamic headspace analysis (SHS, DHS, HS-SPME and HSSE), thermal desorption (TD-GC, TD-GC-MS), pyrolysis and thermochromatography. Nomenclature is not unambiguous as to DHS, TD and PT. The terminology purge-and-trap is usually preferred for the simplest dynamic technique in which it is not necessary to subject the sample to either solvents or elevated temperatures. Scheme 2.7 shows the family of headspace sampling techniques. Headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) and HS-SPME represent high capacity static headspace. 

One of the benefits of an OMC is its immunity against static electricity and magnetic fields. Its capacity is 4.11 MByte in the version mentioned when used as a ROM, 2.6 MByte for the WORM version. 

Although equihbrium capacity is the prime concern, few of these closed systems are truly static. Even closed systems have dynamic features or other nonsteady-state aspects, such as temperature fluctuations, moisture ingression, and drydown rates. 

Batch Crystallization Batch crystalhzation has been practiced longer than any other form of ciystaUization in both atmospheric tanks, which are either static or agitated, as well as in vacuum or pressure vessels. It is still widely practiced in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry or in those applications where the capacity is veiy small. The integrity of the batch with respect to composition and history can be maintained easily and the inventoiy management is more precise than with continuous processes. Batch ciystalhzers can be left unattended (overnight) if necessary and this is an important advantage for many small producers. 

Machine Capacities Table 19-25 presents machine-capacity information for electro.static separators,... 

Static thermal relay (discrete ICs or microprocessor based) For medium and large motors, 300 h.p. and above, this type of protective relay should be preferred to achieve optimum utilization of the motor s capacity. Consider the available setting ranges in the vicinity of... 

Control of the compressor is achieved by engaging the required number of cylinders. In. say. a 16-cylinder compressor if we engage only four cylinders, the compressor will run at 25 7r capacity, and if w c engage eight cylinders, the compressor will run at. 5()C< capacity. Electrically operated solenoid valves are provided for capacity control. Energy can be conserved by using static controls, as discussed in Section 6.15. 

A distribution network 33 kV, three-phase 50 Hz feeding an industrial belt with a number of medium-sized factories some with non-linear loads and some with static drives and some with both. It was observed that while the lines were apparently running reasonably loaded, the active power supplied was much below the capacity of the network. Accordingly, a harmonic study of the network was conducted and it was found that despite localized p.f. control by most factories, the p.f. of the network itself was well below the optimum level and the voltage was also distorted by more than was permissible. To improve this network to an acceptable level, we have considered the following load conditions, as were revealed through the analysis. 

An AC corona discharge in the throat leads to a cloud of charged droplets whose large momentum allows very long travel distances. Multiple devices for eliminating static discharges in powder silos have been tested [41] but the tests did not address typical flow rates for large capacity, dense phase pneumatic transfer operations. 

In order to avoid the need to measure velocity head, the loop piping must be sized to have a velocity pressure less than 5% of the static pressure. Flow conditions at the required overload capacity should be checked for critical pressure drop to ensure that valves are adequately sized. For ease of control, the loop gas cooler is usually placed downstream of the discharge throttle valve. Care should be taken to check that choke flow will not occur in the cooler tubes. Another cause of concern is cooler heat capacity and/or cooling water approach temperature. A check of these items, especially with regard to expected ambient condi-... 

Adsorption for gas purification comes under the category of dynamic adsorption. Where a high separation efficiency is required, the adsorption would be stopped when the breakthrough point is reached. The relationship between adsorbate concentration in the gas stream and the solid may be determined experimentally and plotted in the form of isotherms. These are usually determined under static equilibrium conditions but dynamic adsorption conditions operating in gas purification bear little relationship to these results. Isotherms indicate the affinity of the adsorbent for the adsorbate but do not relate the contact time or the amount of adsorbent required to reduce the adsorbate from one concentration to another. Factors which influence the service time of an adsorbent bed include the grain size of the adsorbent depth of adsorbent bed gas velocity temperature of gas and adsorbent pressure of the gas stream concentration of the adsorbates concentration of other gas constituents which may be adsorbed at the same time moisture content of the gas and adsorbent concentration of substances which may polymerize or react with the adsorbent adsorptive capacity of the adsorbent for the adsorbate over the concentration range applicable over the filter or carbon bed efficiency of adsorbate removal required. 

When a PR valve is relieving at rated capacity, the total frictional pressure drop between a vessel and the inlet of the valve should be less than 3% of the set pressure (kPa). In this calculation, the effect on static pressure of fluid acceleration is ignored rather, only friction loss is considered. 

The method includes the mass unit vent flow capacity per unit area. G. This allows using any applicable vent capacity calculation method. The method incorporates the equilibrium rate model (ERM) for vent flow capacity when friction is negligible. Additionally, a coiTection factor is used for longer vent lines of constant diameter and with negligible static head change. ... 

Qni = Flead at best efficiency point on pump curve, ft = Viscous liquid capacitv, GPM Q = Water capacity, GPM S =. Suction static head, ft, or height of liquid (static) above ( + ) or below ( —) the center line of the pump on suction side, ft, or,... 

Figure 5-5U. Shrouded turbine for high pumping capacity. Usually used with low static heads, creates minimum of direct shear. Courtesy of International Process Equipment Co., Div. of Patterson Foundry and Machine Co.

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