Information capacity

Information capacity (channel capacity) C = Mpot/1 bit/s Dynamic detectors, e.g., photomultiplier t time... 

Another (quite different) implication of the issue of information capacity of protein-like copolymer is the possibility of recording a small region in conformation space near the native state instead of recording several essentially different conformations in the polymer sequence. Moreover, this can be done so that the transitions between the conformations within the above-mentioned region occur fast, without barriers, and possibly in an ordered... 

To satisfy the growing demand for analytical data, more and more intensive research is taking place with the aim of developing new methodological and instrumental solutions so that analytical results can be a copious source of information in other words, they can possess the greatest possible information capacity. 

The EC of (1) or, more specifically, the ECq of (10), provides information on the percentage of models over a model space F or Fq that are estimable. However, it provides no information on how efficiently models can be estimated. Using the usual D-criterion (see Myers and Montgomery (2002, page 394)) as a measure of the efficiency, Sun (1993) proposed the information capacity (/C) criterion, which was later extended by Li and Nachtsheim (2000). Specifically, for model space Fq in (8), Li and Nachtsheim (2000) defined the information capacity ICq criterion as maximising... 

Exergy also appears as information capacity the free energy of the information that a system possesses is kT In/, where / is the information we have about the state of the system and k the Boltzmann constant. A relation between the exergy and information is... 

The transformation of information from one system to another is often almost entropy-free energy transfer, and the information capacity I in binary units is expressed as a function of the probability P... 

To perform the reception of the information, a dynamic receptor system must be capable of transferring to one of several allowed stable states according to the acquired information. In other words, the information system must be multistationary. The number of stable stationary states Q tat determines the information capacity of the system—that is, the maximal information quantity I ax be accepted by the system equals... 

In molecular systems, storage of a certain sequence of nucleotides (amount of stored information Imax) depends mainly on the chemical sta bility of the DNA molecule. The information capacity is determined by the number of certain combinations of nucleotides but not by the number of microstates, including accounting the vibrations of aU of the atoms in the DNA chain. The formation of macroinformation is coupled here with the work and energy consumption in the course of biosynthesis of the DNA molecule. Similarly, the information can be implemented by con suming energy for the processes of the information translation and synthe sis of the protein chain. 

Figure 1. A credit card is protected against fraud, using a simple hologram. Different images may be seen in the hologram from different viewing angles, illustrating the high information capacity of the hologram.

Hejna, B. Information Capacity of Quantum Transfer Channels and Thermodynamic Analogies, Thermodynamics - Fundamentals and its Application in Science, Ricardo Mo-rales-Rodriguez (Ed.), ISBN 978-953-51-0779-8, InTech, 2012. Available from http // www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/information-capacity-of-quantum-transfer-channels-and-thermodynamic-analogies... 

These were frequently used for analytical spectrography. They allow the whole spectrum to be recorded simultaneously and, accordingly, for multielement survey analysis they have a high information capacity. However, their processing is long, the precision obtainable is low and they do not allow on-line data processing. Ac-... 

Miller RJ, Ioannidis Y, Ramakrishnan R (1993) The use of information capacity in schema integration and translation. In Proceedings of VLDB, August 1993. Morgan Kaufmann, CA, pp 120-133... 

The key notion of information capacity [Hull 1984] is that when comparing two schemas E and G, one can consider how much of the data in E can be accessed using G and vice versa. 

Miller et al. [1993] study which properties of information capacity are required for both data integration and view integration. The key to understanding the requirements is the definitions of equivalence and dominance ... 

Convent [1986] concentrates primarily on what it means to have incompatible constraints. Informally, this means that if users are trying to integrate views, then for each user s view, it should be possible to access those instances from the global schema - note that this is very similar to the information capacity requirement laid out in Sect. 2.1 by Miller et al. [1993], Unfortunately, Convent [1986] shows that having incompatible constraints is undecidable even in this very basic case. Because of this early undecidability result, schema merging works typically do not consider instance-level constraints. 

The first of these is similar to Hull s notion of maintaining information capacity [Hull 1984] the second is one of the requirements in Batini et al. [1986],... 

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