Cancer non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Further studies have shown additional cancer types, most notably ovarian and bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma and acute myeloid leukaemia, to be at least partially responsive to IL-2 treatment. However, a persistent feature of clinical investigations assessing IL-2 effects on various cancer types is variability of response. Several trials have yielded conflicting results, and no reliable predictor of clinical response is available. 

Gemcitabine Inhibits DNA synthesis and repair inhibits ribonucleotide reductase with reduced formation of dNTPs incorporation of gemcitabine triphosphate into DNA resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function Pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myelosuppression... 

Etoposide Inhibits topoisomerase II Non-small cell and small cell lung cancer non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, gastric cancer Nausea, vomiting, hypotension Alopecia, myelosuppression... 

Small-cell lung cancer, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Hairy-cell leukemia... 

A study of Finnish oil refinery workers who were employed in a chemical products manufacturing plant for at least 5 years were found to have significant excesses of kidney cancer, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, and non-melanocytic skin cancer. These workers were exposed to a large number of lipophilic and hydrophilic chemicals. [60l These and their Kqw values were... 

Therapeutics—prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, treatments of inflammation, breast cancer, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, and treatment or prevention of transplant rejection... 

Metastatic renal cancer, CNS and brain tumors (colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin s lymphomas)... 

After tri- (212 pg/L) and tetrachloroethylene (180 pg/L) were identified in the drinking water supply of two towns in Finland, the incidence rates of total cancer, liver cancer, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia were compared with the rest of the country (Vartianinen et al. 1993). No significant difference was found. This study is limited in that people who might not have been exposed were included in ihe exposed group, and it is not clear how long the people were exposed. The contamination was discovered in 1992, and new sources of drinking water were supplied shortly after the discovery. A controversial study of a population in Woburn, Massachusetts, reported a potential... 

Radice PA. Bunn PA jr. Ihde DC. Therapeutic trials with VP-16-213 and VM-26 active agents in small cell lung cancer. non-Hodgkin s lymphomas.and other malignancies. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979 63 1231 1239... 

As discussed earlier, several studies have associated pesticide exposure with cancers. Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma has been associated with phenoxy herbicide exposure and specifically with exposure to 2,4-D [84, 102,103]. 

Liposomal encapsulation of DOX or DNR Preferred anthracycline delivery to the tumor Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma, multiple myeloma (pegylated liposomal DOX). Breast cancer (uncoated liposomal DOX). AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma, acute mye-loblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin s lymphomas (uncoated liposomal DNR)... 

An update of a previous study (Axelson et al. 1978), Axelson (1986) evaluated an expanded cohort of 1,424 men (levels of trichloroethylene exposure inferred from measured urinary metabolite concentrations) and found a significant increase in incidences of bladder cancer and lymphomas, and a lower than expected incidence of total cancer mortality. A further update of this work (Axelson et al. 1994) expanded the cohort to include 249 women, tracking cancer morbidity over 30 years, and found no correlation between exposure concentration or exposure time and cancer incidence at any site. The highest standardized incidence ratio noted in this study was 1.56 (95% Cl of 0.51-3.64) for 5 cases of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma observed in men. Although four of these cases occurred in persons exposed for at least 2 years, and 3 cases had a latency of 10 years or more, urinary levels of TCA showed that 4 of the 5 cases were exposed to the lowest levels of trichloroethylene (urinary levels of TCA 0-49 mg/L). The study authors mentioned that a urinary TCA level below 50 mg/L corresponds to a trichloroethylene exposure concentration of about 20 ppm. The study authors concluded that "this study provides no evidence that trichloroethylene is a human carcinogen, i.e., when the exposure is as low as for this study population."... 

This royal-blue-colored drug is an anthracenedione that inhibits DNA topoisomerase II. The pharmacokinetics of mitoxantrone may best be described by a three-compartment model, with an a half-life of 3 to 10 minutes, a 3 half life of 0.3 to 3 hours, and a median terminal half-life of 12 days. Biliary elimination appears to be the primary route of elimination, with less than 10% of the drug eliminated by the kidney.23 Mitoxantrone has shown clinical activity in the treatment of acute leukemias, breast and prostate cancer, and non-Hodgkin s lymphomas. Myelosuppression, mucositis, nausea and vomiting, and cardiac toxicity are side effects of this drug. The total cumulative dose limit is 160 mg/m2 for patients who have not received prior anthracycline or mediastinal radiation. Patients who have received prior doxorubicin or daunorubicin therapy should not receive a cumulative dose greater than 120 mg/m2 of mitoxantrone. Patients should be counseled that their urine will turn a blue-green color. 

Cancers Multiple myeloma Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Hodgkin s disease Acute myeloid leukemia Neuroblastoma Germ cell tumors Acute myeloid leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Chronic myeloid leukemia Myelodysplastic syndrome Myeloproliferative disorders Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Hodgkin s disease Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Multiple myeloma... 

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