Cancer Hodgkin’s disease

Etoposide is used for germinogenic tumors, ovarian, stomach, and lung cancer, Hodgkin s disease, and non-Hodgkin s lymphoma for both monotherapy and in combination therapy. Synonyms of this drug are vepesid and others. 

Thiotepa, an alkylating agent with antineoplastic properties, is indicated in breast, lung, and ovarian cancer, Hodgkin s disease, lymphomas, and in bladder tumor and neoplastic effusions. 

This drug is useful in the therapy of a variety of tumor types and is effective against most solid tumors. It is part of standard regimens for breast, lung, gastric, and ovarian cancers, Hodgkin s disease, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, sarcoma, myeloma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. 

Acute myelogenous leukemia breast and prostate cancer Testis, and cervical cancer Hodgkin s disease non-Hodgkin s lymphoma... 

Nitrogen mustard is clinically used for the treatment of lymphomas and some forms of lung cancer. The major indication for mechlorethamine is Hodgkin s disease as a part of the MOPP regimen (mechlorethamine + vincristine (oncovin) + procarbazine + prednisone). The usual dose consists of 6 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8. This drug has pronounced hematological toxicity (myelo-suppression). 

Hodgkin s disease, lymphocytic lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, testicular cancer, Kaposi s sarcoma, breast cancer Acute leukemia, combination therapy for various cancers... 

Cancers Multiple myeloma Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Hodgkin s disease Acute myeloid leukemia Neuroblastoma Germ cell tumors Acute myeloid leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Chronic myeloid leukemia Myelodysplastic syndrome Myeloproliferative disorders Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Hodgkin s disease Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Multiple myeloma... 

Long-term health effects from exposure to low-to-moderate doses of radiation include cancer of the thyroid, prostate, kidney, liver, salivary glands, and lungs Hodgkin s disease leukemia and increased numbers of stillbirths and genetic defects. Concerns about potential long-term health effects often lead to anxiety and depression problems among those exposed to radiation. 

Cancer. A small non-significant excess of respiratory cancers among phenol-exposed wood industry workers was not clearly related to phenol exposure (Kauppinen et al. 1986). Although small nonsignificant excesses of Hodgkin s disease and of lung, esophageal, and kidney cancers were noted, mortality from cancer was not clearly related to phenol exposure in phenol production workers (Dosemeci et al. 1991). 

Swerdlow AJ, Douglas AJ, Vaughan Hudson G, et al. Risk of second primary cancers after Hodgkin s disease by type of treatment analysis of2846 patients in the British National Lymphoma Investigation. BMJ 1992 304 1137-43. 

Cyclophosphamide is nsed both intravenously and orally. It is nsed for chronic lymphatic lenkemia, Hodgkin s disease, Burkitt s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and cancer of the breast, neck, ovaries, and so on. Synonyms of this drug are endoxan, cyclostin, Cytoxan, cyclophosphane, and others. 

Vinblastine is used for severe lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin s disease, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, neuroblastoma, sarcoma, and other cancerous diseases. Synonyms of this drug are velban, eczal, and others. 

Jenkin D, Chan H, Freedman J, et al. Hodgkin s disease in children treatment results with MOPP and low-dose, extended-field irradiation. Cancer Treat Rep 1982 66 949-959. 

Vincamine, vinblastine and vincristine are very important clinic alkaloids. They are produced naturally by plants vincamine by Vinca minor, and vinblascine and vincristine by Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus). The vindoline synthesis pathway starts with strictosidine and, via dehydrogeissoschizine, preakuammicine, stemmadenine and tabersonine, is converted to vindoline and vincristine (Figure 42). Conversion from vindoline to vinblastine is based on the NADH enzyme activity. Vinblastine and vincristine are very similar alkaloids. The difference is that vincristine has CHO connected to N, whereas vinblastine in the same situation has only CO3. This synthetic structural differences influence their activity. Vinblastine is used to treat Hodgkin s disease (a form of lymphoid cancer), while vincristine is used clinically in the treatment of children s leukaemia. Vincristine is more neurotoxic than vinblastine. 

Alkaloids such as vinblastine and vincristine are known to bind to the microtubules of the spindle apparatus. They are active agents that influence DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism. They are also known to reduce mitosis at metaphase. Vinblastine and vincristine also have some immunosuppressive activity. There are many applications of these alkaloids. They have been used in the treatment of Hodgkin s disease, cancers and blood disorders. Vincristine is a basis for the development of clinic agents used to treat cerebral and pulmonary disorders. Vinblastine and vincristine are well-known anficancer agents. 

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