With Alkylating Agents

Mannich polyacrylamides can react with alkylating agents such as methyl chloride [74-87-3], CH Cl, methyl bromide [74-83-9], CH Br, and dimethyl... 

Another important feature is the reactivity of the phosphorodithioates with alkylating agents. When one phosphorodithioate linkage is incorporated within an oligonucleotide, it can serve as a point of attachment for reporter groups bearing an alkylating function. 

Dimethylaminopyrazoles react with alkylating agents to afford quaternary salts (72BSF2807). The nitrogen atom of the dimethylamino group is the most reactive in the case of 3-dimethylamino- and 4-dimethylamino-pyrazoles (formation of 456 and 457 salts, respectively) whereas 5-dimethylaminopyrazoles yield aminopyrazolium salts (458). 

NBP reacts with epoxides according to I to yield methine dyestuffs [14] and with alkylating agents (R-X, X = e.g. halogen) according to II to yield colored pigments [15]. 

Amine bases in nucleic acids can react with alkylating agents in typical Sjsj2 reactions. Look at the following electrostatic potential maps, and tell which is the better nucleophile, guanine or adenine. The reactive positions in each are indicated. 

Sodium salts derived from l//-l,4-benzodiazepin-2(3//)-ones lacking substituents at N1 react with alkylating agents to give 1-alkylbenzodiazepinones, e.g. reaction of 9 to give 10.224... 

Antimetabolites interfere with normal metabolic pathways. They can be grouped into folate antagonists and analogues of purine or pyrimidine bases. Their action is limited to the S-phase of the cell cycle and therefore they target a smaller fraction of cells as compared with alkylating agents. 

Reactions of the ferrocyanide ion with alkylating agents, and reactions of iron(II) salts with alkyl or aryl isocyanides, have led to complexes of several types including [FeLJ, [FeLjX], cis- and tranf-FeL4(CN)2 and FeL4X2 this chemistry is reviewed by Malatesta and Bonati (90). There has been some extension of this work. 

Hagemann s ester (15) is ketone (13) with an activating group. It forms one enolate only (16, the anion being stabilised by both carbonyl groups) and it reacts at only one position with alkylating agents. 

Possible increased toxicity when given concurrently with alkylating agents, radiation, purine analogs, and methotrexate. 

In Group IV metal complexes, metallocene complexes are the main catalyst precursors for hydrogenation. Two major catalytic systems have been used 1) Cp2MR2 (R=H, Alkyl, Aryl) and 2) Cp2MX2 in combination with alkylating agent or an hydride (Table 6.1). The catalytic tests are typically run with 50 equiv. of substrate per metal, but in some cases turnover numbers (TONs) exceeding 1000 can be achieved [35]. 

Reaction of Various Aldimine and Ketimine Magnesium Bromide Salts with Alkylating Agents in Tetrahydrofuran... 

The catalysed alkylation of l//,4//-pyrazol-5-ones is solvent dependent. In benzene, bis-alkylation occurs at the 4-position whereas, in a carbon disulphide benzene mixture, O-alkylation is observed, although the major product (4, Scheme 5.22) results from nucleophilic attack by the pyrazolone on the carbon disulphide, followed by alkylation of the dithiolate dianion [92]. The catalysed reaction of 2-thiono-3-aryl-thiazolidin-4-ones with alkylating agents under soliddiquid two-phase conditions results in alkylation at the 5-position (60-80%) [93]. The aldol condensation of the thiazolidinones with aryl aldehydes is also catalysed by quaternary ammonium salts. 

Alkali tellurides, among which sodium telluride is the most widely employed, are powerful nucleophilic reagents and therefore react easily with alkylating agents. 

Pyridines bearing secondary amides may be lithiated with n-BuLi at —78°C with tertiary amides the optimum conditions are LiTMP, DME, 5-15 min (Scheme 23) . Lithiated tertiary amidopyridines react well with carbonyl electrophiles but poorly with alkylating agents. Lithiation of the bromopyridine 49 with LDA is a key step in the synthesis of eupoluramine . ... 

Unsymmetrical dialkyl peroxides can be prepared by several methods. Some of them are summarized in Scheme 31. Primary " , secondary or tertiary"" " alkyl hydroperoxides can serve as substrates and are converted to the dialkyl peroxides by acid- or base-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution with alkylating agents like dialkyl sulfate " , diazomethane " , dialkyl sulfites, alcohols " or alkyl halides (e.g. in the presence of silver trifluoroacetate) "". An overview of the results obtained utilizing the method mentioned above is given in Table 7. 

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