Canadian Food Industries

Canadian Food Industries, Canadian Food Industries, Gardenvale, Quebec, Canada,... 

Food laws developed in various countries reflect the way governments are organized and the state of development of the food industry. Different interpretations of scientific and nutritional information can result in establishment of different standards. This is demonstrated by the comparison of Canadian and U.S. rules on flour enrichment (Table 12-2). 

In Table 3.1 some factors are stipulated that should be considered in the decontamination of meat (European Union, 1996). Spraying with 1.5-2.5% organic acids such as acetic or lactic acid is effectively applied on red meat carcasses (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2004). Lactic and acetic acid solutions are commonly used by the red meat slaughtering industry as an antimicrobial spray wash on freshly slaughtered beef carcasses. These spray washes are used in the early steps of beef carcass processing, usually applied to carcasses after hide removal, before and after evisceration, but before chilling (Berry and Cutter, 2000). 

The journals listed here that are general to the food industries contain much that is directly pertinent or applicable to the meat industry. Several, particularly the Canadian and British publications, carry, from time to time, extensive reports of experimental work or review articles on the field. Nearly all contain sections that provide a quick survey of the new trade literature. With the exception of Food Processing (48) and Food Machinery (45), all of those listed are indexed or abstracted by at least one of the services discussed above. 

It was not until 1956-1957 that rapeseed oil was again extracted and used for edible purposes. Since then, food use of rapeseed oil in Canada and Western Europe has surpassed the industrial usage. This era also marked the beginning of a Western Canadian based industry now consisting of nine crushing plants with a rated daily crushing capacity of approximately 5.0 thousand tonnes. The market has expanded rapidly as growers, processors, and refiners have learned how to handle the crop and produce quality products. 

Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology (CIFST) http //www.cifst.ca/ (accessed September 29 2010). Founded in 1951, CIFST is the national association for food industry professionals. Its membership of more than 1,500 is comprised of scientists and technologists in industry, government, and academia who are committed to advancing food science and technology (from the Web page). 

Studies conducted in other industrialized countries have reported similar values to those obtained for the United States. Estimated daily intakes of CDDs and CDFs from various foods were calculated in a Canadian study of foods domestically produced in Canada or imported from the United States (Birmingham et al. 1989). Based on contamination levels (CDDs and CDFs) in samples of meats, eggs, lfuits, and vegetables from the United States and Canada, a total daily intake of 1.52 pg TEQs/kg body weight was calculated (for a 60-kg adult). The foods that contributed the most exposure to CDDs/CDFs TEQs were milk, eggs, and beef. Approximately one-half (0.81 pg TEQs/kg) was contributed by milk... 

Canadian rapeseed oil for edible use is now called canola oil, which is derived from rapeseed low in both erucic acid and glucosinolates. A second oil which is high in erucic acid is produced in limited quantities for industrial use only, and is marketed separately from the edible oils. In the Orient, rapeseed and mustard oils, which are both high in erucic acid, are used extensively for food. Mustard [B. juncea (L.)] is grown and processed for oil in the same manner as rapeseed. 

In the Orient, both rapeseed and mustard oils are used extensively for food and large quantities of mustard are produced for oil in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In Canada and Europe there is no production of mustard oil for edible oil purposes. All edible Canadian rapeseed oil is now from canola varieties, i.e., derived from seed low in erucic acid and low in glucosino-lates. High erucic acid rapeseed oil is used exclusively for industrial purposes, such as lubricants, slip agents for molds, and polymers. In Canada these high erucic acid oils are produced and marketed separately from canola oil. Rapeseed oils in the Western World are either very low in erucic acid for edible use or very high (over 40%) in erucic acid for industrial use. 

Cheval, J. L. 1991. Update on the Canadian Fertilizer Quality Assurance Program and SGN Industry View, Association of American PlaifT Food Control Officials, Official Publication No. 44. 

Last but not least, an excellent comprehensive document that covers practically all facets of environmental behavior of uranium was published by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (Environment 2007). The chemical and physical properties of uranium were reviewed and its distribution in the environment and bio-accumulation in various flora and biota were discussed. For example, guidelines for the permissible uranium concentration in soil were set according to the intended land use. Eor agricultural use and commercial land use, the maximum uranium concentration was 33 mg kg" for residential and parkland uses it was 23 mg kg , and a value of 300 mg kg" was set for industrial land use. This document also contains many tables that summarize the toxicological effects of uranium on humans and the uranium content in several food products, vegetation, soil, water, etc. In addition, a summary of the analytical methods that are used for the determination of uranium in a variety of environmental samples, very similar to Table 3.1, is given (Environment 2007). 

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