Camphor salicylate

Sepso is the brand name of an alcoholic liquid introduced to replace Spiritus iodi concentratus. According to Heine and Zschunke (34 ) allergic contact dermatitis to Sepso may occasionally develop, as may be proved by open patch testing. In 5 patients patch tests were performed with the individual ingredients aluminium hydrochloride, ammonium thiocyanate, iron trichloride, camphor, salicylic acid and ethanol. All patients reacted positively to Sepso but only one reacted to an ingredient, namely ammottium thiocyanate (2% aq.). The authors suggest that patch tests with combinations of ingredients may offer a solution to this problem. 

It is soinble in about 1 volumes of IQ 24 volumes of "0 per cent, alcohol. I /H-piuene and tracea ot salicylic aud honicol was cousidered probable, but Phellaudrecc was not present, and u aldehydes or ketones, phenols or camphor. The chief conatitnent pinene, a mixture of the dextro-aud laevo-rotatory vatielief... 

The oil was found to conlain about 6 per cent, of piuene, 60 per cent-Of euoalyptol, 9 per cent, of borneol, 19 per ceul. of linalyl acetate, with a little camphor, meth. i salicylate, and sesqnitci-pene alcohol. 

Esters of bomeol are obtained by the action of dry oxalic acid on turpentine under suitable conditions. From these, borneol is obtained by saponification and is oxidised to camphor. Some other acids produce a similar result, as, for example, salicylic and chlorobenzoic acids. 

These sunscreen ingredients include octyl-dimethyl-PABA (UVB), 2-ethylhexyl-p-meth-oxycinnamate (UVB),octocrylene (UVA/UVB), octyl salicylate (UVB), benzophenones (UVB/ UVA), and methyl anthranilate (UVA). Avoben-zone or Parsol 1789 and mexoryl, a benzylidene camphor, block UVA. Mexoryl is the most efficient of the UVA organic sunscreens [10]. Many sunscreen formulations combine ingredients to maximize photoprotection. 

Topical analgesics sometimes are used for mild pain or as an adjunct to systemic therapy. There are limited data to support the use of salicylate-containing rubefacients (e.g., methyl salicylate and trolamine salicylate) or other counterirritants (e.g., menthol, camphor, and methyl nicotinate) in OA.32 See Chap. 57 for more information on these products when used for musculoskeletal disorders. 

Rubefacients act by counter-irritation produced as a result of local vasodilation, resulting in a warm sensation that masks the pain. Counter-irritants should not be applied on broken skin or before or after taking a hot shower. Examples of counter-irritants include salicylates, nicotinates, capsicum, menthol and camphor. Ketoprofen is an example of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is available as a topical preparation indicated in painful musculoskeletal conditions. 

Figure 2.5 Reported concentrations of various PPCPs in Wastewater effluents by several research groups. On the x axis are respective PPCPs that are primarily cosmetics (1 = HHCB, 2 = AHTN, 3 = acetophenone, 4 = camphor, 5 = isobomeol, 6 = skatol, 7 = celestolide, i.e., AHMI, 8 = Phantolide, i.e., AHMI), the lotion ingredient (9 = methyl salicylate), two disinfectants (10 = triclosan and 11 = trilocarban), antihypertensive (12 = dehydronifedipine, 13 = diltiazem, 14 = bezafibrate, and 15 = gemfibrozil), analgesics and anti-inflammatories (16 = naproxen, 17 = ibuprofen, 18 = codeine), antimicrobials (19 = chlortetracycline, 20 = erythromycin, 21 = novobiocin, 22 = oxytetracycline, 23 = sulfamethaxazole, 24 = thiabendazole, 25 = trimethoprim), anxiolytic sedative (26 = carbamazepine), antidiabetic (27 = metaformin), reproductive (28 = 17(3 estradiol, 29 = 17a-ethinyl estradiol), GIT (30 = cimetidine, 31 = ranitidine), and respiratory (32 = Albuterol). The concentrations were compiled from Boyd et al. (2003), Gagne et al. (2006), Glassmeyer et al. (2005), Halden and Pauli (2005), Huang and Sedlak (2001), Ricking et al. (2003), and Temes et al. (2003).

Phenol Antimicrobial preservative disinfectant (not oral) Camphor, menthol, thymol, acetaminophen, phenacetin, chloral hydrate, phenazone, ethyl aminobenzoate, methenamine, phenyl salicylate, resorcinol, terpin hydrate, sodium phosphate, or other eutectic formers. Phenol also softens cocoa butter in suppository mixtures... 

S. K. Pant, P. N. Gupta, K. M. Thomas, B. K. Maitin, and C. L. Jain, Simultaneous determination of camphor, menthol, methyl salicylate, and thymol in analgesic ointments by gas-liquid chromatography, LC-GC, 8 322. 

When 1 ml of gas was injected from each of seven vials, the coefficients of variation of the peak heights were 4.64%, 2.24%, and 0.71% for 1-menthol, camphor, and methyl salicylate, respectively. 

K. Nakajima and T. Yasuda, Simultaneous determination of 1-menthol, dl-camphor and methyl salicylate in pharmaceutical preparations for external application using headspace gas chromatography, Chiba-Ken Eisei Kenkyusho Kenkyu Haboku, 5 14-18 (1984). 

Workers also are affected by a variety of radiations, specifically UV. This radiation consists of UVA, UVB, and UVC, which induces certain skin lesions (Table 16-2). To protect the skin from the injuries from UVA and UVB radiation effects, certain drugs are suggested such as aminobenzoic acid, aminobenzoates, cinnamates, salicylates, and camphors for UVB protection, and benzophenones or dibenzoylmethanes for UVA protection. 

Other ingredients that may be found in smokeless powders include camphor, carbazole, cresol, diethyleneglycoldinitrate (DEGDN), dimethylse-bacate, dinitrocresol, di-normal-propyl adipate, 2.4-dinitrodiphenylamine, PETN, TNT, RDX, acaroid resin, gum arabic, synthetic resins, aluminum, ammonium chlorate/oxalate/perchlorate, pentaerythritol dioleate, oxamide, lead carbonate/salicylate/stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium aluminum fluoride, sodium carbonate/bicarbonate, petrolatum, dioctylphthalate, stannic oxide, potassium cyrolate, triphenyl bismuth. 

The British Vick contains a mixture of menthol, camphor and methyl salicylate but the American Vick also contains a further compound, L-methamphetamine. 

Alan Baxter lost his bronze medal in the winter Olympics in 2000 because he used an American Vick inhaler and not a British one.1,2 Note the position of the CH3 attached to the central carbon atom (Figure 2.18). The British Vick inhaler contains a mixture of menthol, camphor and methyl salicylate the American Vick inhaler also contains L-methamphetamine. This is used as a decongestant and has no performance-improving properties, whereas its optically active isomer D-methamphetamine (commonly known as speed ) is a prohibited drug and is a performance improver. However, the Olympic Committee does not distinguish between these two isomers in its detective work and chemical analysis. It therefore reported that his urine contained methamphetamine and did not report that it was the ineffective l form. The committee took the medal away from him. If they only had known their chemistry and all about optically active isomers. 

Direct Tests on Stomach Contents. Odour, colour, and pH. Characteristic smells may indicate the presence of substances such as camphor, cresol, cyanide, etiianol and otiier organic solvents, ethchlorvynol, methyl salicyl-ate, paraldehyde, and phenelzine. A high pH may indicate ingestion of alkali. Undegraded tablets or capsules should be retrieved and examined separately. A green or blue colour suggests the presence of iron salts. 2.Salicylates—Trinder s test To 2ml of tiie sample add 2ml of O.IM hydrochloric acid, boil for 10 minutes, filter if necessary, neutralise the filtrate with... 

The best counterirritants are physical agents, especially heat. Many drugs, however, have been used for this purpose and suitable preparations containing salicylates, nicotinates, menthol, camphor and capsaicin (depletes skin substance P) are also available. 

UVB protection aminobenzoic acid and aminobenzoates (padimate-O), cinnamates, salicylates, camphors. 

Many of the chemicals used in this course will be unfamiliar to you. Their properties can be looked up in reference books, a very useful one being the Aldrich Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals. It is interesting to note that 1,4-dichlorobenzene is listed as a toxic irritant and naphthalene is listed as an irritant. Both are used as moth balls. Camphor, used in vaporizers, is classified as a flammable solid irritant. Salicylic acid, which we will use to synthesize aspirin (Chapter 26) is listed as moisture-sensitive toxic. Aspirin (acetylsalicyclic acid) is classified as an irritant. Caffeine, which we will isolate from tea or cola syrup (Chapter 8), is classified as toxic. Substances not so familiar to you—1-naphthol and benzoic acid—are classified respectively as toxic irritants and irritant. To put things in some perspective, nicotine is classified as highly toxic. ... 

Liniments These are intended for massaging the skin. They may contain ingredients such as methyl salicylate or camphor as counter-irritants. 

The following substances, which are weak electrolytes with approximately the same solubility in the two components, either lower the critical temperature or raise it only a very little succinnic acid, mercuric cyanide, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, boric acid. In contrast, electrolytes such as NaCl, KCl, KBr, KNO2, K2SO4, MgS04 and Ba(N03)2 which are soluble in water but not in phenol cause a rapid rise in critical temperature so do the following organic substances which are insoluble in water camphor, benzil, benzo-phenone, azobenzene, anthraquinone, and the hexamethyl ester of mellitic acid. 

Phenyl Salicylate. Phenyl salicylate, salol. occurs as fine white crystals or a white crystalline powder with a characteristic taste and a faint, aromatic odor. It is insoluble in water (1 6.700). slightly soluble in glycerin, and soluble in alcohol (1 6). ether, ehlorofomi. aeetone. or fixed and volatile oils. Dump or eutectic mixtures form readily with many organic material.s. such as thymol, rtrcnthol. camphor, chloral hydrate, and phenol. 

Child protective closures are required for certain medicines, salicylates, paracetamol, iron tablets or capsules and camphor preparations (MCC Circulars 5/80, 9/80 and 10/84). 

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