Bone Replacement

PAEK) plastic that cost 40/lb was being market in dental implants, bone replacement joints, and components for the hip, elbow, finger, knee, spine, and other body products. And so all these type of actions continue in the plastic industry worldwide. 

Bioceramics The First Weight Bearing, Completely Resorbable Synthetic Bone Replacement Materials... 

Q <3ZD Titanium is a metal that is often used in joint and bone replacement. 

The finely-powdered metal is pyrophoric. Its radioactive isotopes Sr-89 and Sr-90 emit high-energy beta radiation. They are extremely hazardous because they deposit in bones replacing calcium. Their radiation can damage bone marrow and blood-forming organs, inducing cancer. 

As you can see, bone is a very complex composite material and, as snch, is difficult to artificially replicate. Nonetheless, there are a nnmber of materials of all types that are being nsed as bone replacements. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), titaninm, graphite/polyethyletherketone (PEEK) composites, and tricalcinm phosphate, among... 

Mansur, C., M. Pope, M. R. Pascucci, and S. Shivkumar, Zirconia-calcium phosphate composite for bone replacement, Ceram. Int., 24, 77 (1998). 

Figure 5.132 Fracture toughness and modulus of some biomaterials for bone replacement. Reprinted, by permission, from W. Suchanek, and M. Yoshimura, 7. Mater. Res., 13(1), 94(1998). Copyright 1998 by Materials Research Society.

Bone replacement may also he necessary in older people because the natural process by which hone is replenished begins to fail. That is, osteoclasts continue to perform their function at a normal rate, breaking down old hone so that it can he replaced by new bone. But osteoblasts no longer operate as efficiently as they once did, and an inadequate amount of new hone is produced to replace that lost to the work of osteoclasts. In such cases, a person s bones may become thin and brittle, often resulting in the kind of deterioration and breakdown that cannot be solved by a metal pin, bar, or sheet, as would be used in the case of fractures. In such cases, surgeons may... 

Probably the earliest example of bone replacement dates to 1668, when the Dutch physician Job van Meekeren (1611-66) transplanted a section of a dog s cranium into the skull of a soldier who had been wounded in battle. The implantation was apparently successful, but the solider later asked to have it removed. He had been told by the Catholic Church that the surgery was an affront to God because animal tissue had been inserted into the human body. 

Reinforced fiber bone replacement implant with treated 4,714,467... 

Next-generation metallic biomaterials include porous titanium alloys and porous CoCrMo with elastic moduli that more closely mimic that of human bone nickel-titanium alloys with shape-memory properties for dental braces and medical staples rare earth magnets such as the NdFeB family for dental fixatives and titanium alloys or stainless steel coated with hydroxyapatite for improved bioactivity for bone replacement. The corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties of many of these materials still must be optimized for example, the toxicity and carcinogenic nature of nickel released from NiTi alloys is a concern. ... 

Hydrogels for soft contact lenses, drug delivery, skin coatings Dental implants, bone replacement Vascular grafts, clips, and sutures... 

Some ceramics exhibit biocompatibility in the human body. Alumina and zirconia are employed as the ball for hip replacements. Hydroxyapatite (Caio(P04)6(OH)2) is used as bone replacements, as ocular implants, and as a coating for metallic implants. Ceramics also find application in dentistry for restorative work. 

Implants for bone replacement applications — Grafting of phosphate methacrylate esters onto fluoro polymers to enhance caicium deposition. 

Definition localized disorder of bone remodeling, resulting in excessive bone resorption followed by disorganized bone replacement, producing thickened but weak bone that is susceptible to deformity and fracture... 

Ceramics Tricalcium Bone replacement, Bioactive/ Heness and Ben-Nissan... 

Ceramics Bioglasses Bone replacement, ear implants Bioactive Hench (1991)... 

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