Health caffeine

James JE. Caffeine, health and commercial interests. Addiction. 1994 89 1595-99. 

Caffeine Health, by Jack E. James. Academic Press - Harcourt Brace Jovanovish, Publishers, New York, 1991. 

Maries, R. 2011. Synephrine, octopamine and caffeine Health Risk Assessment (HSR) Report. Flealth Canada. Natural Health Products Directorate. 

The different types or classes of phytochemicals can have multiple influences on the GIT (Kitts, 1994). For example, caffeine stimulates the motor, hormonal and secretory functions (Boekmaefa/., 1999). Although many phytochemicals reduce nutrient quality or availability, traditional herbal medicines have exploited some of these characteristics to improve health. Moreover, some of the systemic responses attributed to certain phytochemicals (beneficial or detrimental) can be explained by their influences on the GIT (Carbonaro et al., 2001). To date, the most of the information about phytochemicals is focused on the reductions in the functional capacities of the GIT (the bad), or the toxic properties (the ugly). There are also numerous examples of phytochemicals that can be used to obtain desirable GIT characteristics (the... 

Caffeine was conceived for a wide range of readers interested in the effects on human health, nutrition, and physiological function of the methylxanthine beverages and foods—tea, coffee, mate, cola beverages, and cocoa and chocolate products. These products supply one or more of the dietary methylxanthines—caffeine, theobromine and theophylline— and are an integral part of the diet of many people in many countries. The interest in the health effects of both the methylxanthines in isolation and in the products containing them has grown rapidly in recent years. 

Arnaud, M. J., Metabolism of caffeine and other components of coffee, in Caffeine, Coffee and Health, Garattini, S., Ed., Raven Press Ltd., New York, 1993, 81. 

Significant scientific attention has focused on caffeine and its health effects. However, limited data are available for the actual dietary consumption of caffeine or theobromine from individual foods. Even less data exist on the contribution of cocoa and chocolate foods to methylxanthine intake. 

Significant scientific attention has focused on caffeine and its health effects. However, limited data is available for the actual dietary consumption of caffeine or theobromine from individual foods. Even less data exists on the contribution of cocoa and chocolate foods to methylxanthine intake. In children and teenagers, the major dietary source of caffeine was found to be tea, followed by soft drinks and coffee, respectively. Although chocolate foods and beverages ranked the lowest of these dietary sources to provide caffeine, they do constitute the major source of dietary theobromine. In order to gain a better insight into the amount of methylxanthines consumed via the diet, more studies on the methylxanthine content of chocolate foods, as well as beverages, are needed. 

Evaluation of health aspects of caffeine as a food ingredient SCOGS-89 Report, prepared by the Life Sciences Research Office of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology and Medicine for the Bureau of Foods, FDA, US Dept, of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, DC, 1978. 

Health concerns about the effects of coffee are also an important consideration in coffee drinking trends. While many health issues have not been systematically and thoroughly evaluated, these concerns have undoubtedly contributed to consumption patterns. However, the most significant changes in coffee consumption occurred prior to scientific research and knowledge of health effects due to caffeine exposure. 

Gilbert RM. Caffeine consumption. In The Methylxanthine Beverages and Foods Chemistry, Consumption, and Health Effects. Ed Gene Spiller. Alan Liss, Inc. 1984 185-193. 

Schardt D, Schmidt S. Caffeine The Inside Scoop. Nutrition Action Health Letter. Vol 23 (10) December 1996. Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington, D.C. 

Viani, Rinantonio. The Composition of Coffee. In Caffeine, Coffee, and Health. Ed S. Garattini. Raven Press, Ltd. New York. 1993. 

Jacobson, B. H. and Kulling, F. A., Health and ergogenic effects of caffeine, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 23, 34, 1989. 

The increasing scientific attention devoted to caffeine in recent years9 reflects not only its popularity and widespread use, but also concern that it may have detrimental physiological effects and interest in its impact on psychological functioning and behavior. Health concerns have focused primarily on cardiovascular function.4-10 Early studies suggested that caffeine consumption may increase the risk of some cardiovascular problems.11-12 However, more recent studies provide little support for this concern, with the possible exception of blood pressure.13 Lipid profiles appear to be unaffected by habitual caffeine consumption.1417 Moreover,... 

Gilbert, R., Caffeine consumption, in The Methlaxine Beverages and Foods Chemistry, Consumptions and Health Effects New York Liss, 1984. 

James, J. Caffeine and Health. London Academic Press, 1991. 

MacDougall, J. M., Musante, L., Castillo, S., and Acevedo, M.C., Smoking, caffeine, and stress Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in male and female college students. Health Psychology 7, 461-478, 1988. 

Myers, H. F., Shapiro, D., McClure, F., Daims, R., Impact of caffeine and psychological stress on blood pressure in Black and White men. Special Issue Race, reactivity, and blood pressure regulation. Health Psychology 8(5), 597-612, 1989. 

Pilette, W. L., Caffeine Psychiatric grounds for concern. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 21(8), 19-24, 1983. 

In 1990, Vatten et al.51 in Norway subsequently reviewed data on breast cancer risk from a cohort of 14,593 women with 152 cases of breast cancer during a follow up of 12 years on subjects who were between 35 and 51 years old at the beginning of the study and between 46 and 63 years at the end. They reported no overall statistically significant correlation between breast cancer and coffee consumption, but when body mass index was taken into account, lean women who consumed >5 cups per day had a lower risk than women who drank two cups or less. In obese women, however, there was a positive correlation between coffee intake and breast cancer. In a 1993 study, though, Folsom and associates52 failed to find an association between caffeine and postmenopausal breast cancer in 34,388 women in the Iowa Women s Health Study, with a median caffeine intake of 212 mg/day in women who developed breast cancer and 201 mg/day for women who did not and in Denmark, Ewertz53 studied... 

The data presented here has provided a chronological picture of the evolution and current state of the possible positive or negative association of some methylxanthine-containing products and various types of cancer. Perhaps the best conclusion at this time is an extension to tea and other methylxanthine-containing products of the statement by Stavric" who in 1990 wrote that certain controversial issues about the effect of coffee on human health remains unresolved. Future work should focus on types and methods of preparation of teas, roasting and preparation methods for coffees, and consider the whole beverage rather than caffeine or other methylxanthine per se. Meanwhile it appears that both tea and coffee and... 

Ernster, V. L., Epidemiologic studies of caffeine and human health, in The Methylxanthine Beverages and Food, Spiller, G. A., Ed., Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1984, Chapter 16. 

Folsom, A. R., McKenzie, D. R., Bisgard, K. M., Kushi, L. H., Sellers, T. A., No association between caffeine intake and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence in the Iowa Women s Health Study, Am J Epidemiol, 138, 380, 1993. 

Marshall, J., Graham, S., Swanson, M., Caffeine consumption and benign breast disease A case-control comparison, Am J Public Health, 72, 610, 1982. 

A number of dietary and nondietary variables have been proposed as risk factors for osteoporosis. Among dietary factors, the relation between caffeine intake and bone health has been studied extensively. Although proof that caffeine adversely affects calcium metabolism and is detrimen-... 

In the Massachusetts Women s Health Study, a population-based cross-sectional investigation of women, Hernandiz-Avila and colleagues16 also found an inverse linear association with caffeine intake (estimated from... 

Chronological Summary of Studies on Caffeine and Bone Health... 

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