Caffeinated beverages

When linezolid is used with antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or die NSAIDs (see Chap. 18) diere is an increased risk of bleeding and thrombocytopenia When administered widi die MAOIs (see Chap. 31) the effects of the MAOIs are decreased. There is a risk of severe hypertension if linezolid is combined widi large amounts of food containingtyramine (eg, aged cheese, caffeinated beverages, yogurt, chocolate, red wine, beer, pepperoni). 

LAKENBRiNK c, LAPCZYNSKi s, MAiwALD B and ENGELHARD u H (2000) Flavonoids and Other polyphenols in consiuner hrews of tea and other caffeinated beverages , JAgric Food Chem, 48, 2848-52. 

No tobacco use, "social" alcohol intake (1 to 2 glasses of wine on weekends), drinks 3 to 4 caffeinated beverages per day... 

By weight, tea leaves have double the caffeine as coffee beans 25 however, the caffeine content is greatly diluted during preparation. Caffeine in tea has been reported to range from 2.7 to 4.1% in selected varieties of tea,7 comparable with an estimate of 4% caffeine content in tea.26 While tea is the most commonly consumed caffeinated beverage, the caffeine content is only one third to one half that of coffee, contributing less to overall caffeine exposure than coffee. 

Caffeine increases the metabolic rate. This is a very early finding dating back to 1917. This calorigenic effect is probably the reason for the desire for caffeine beverages in cold climates. This effect is true in lean as well as obese subjects. 

Caffeine causes a rise in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in subjects unused to caffeine beverages. 

Ketterer, M. W., and Maercklein, G. H., Caffeinated beverage use among Type A male patients suspected of CAD/CHD A mechanism for increased risk Stress Medicine 7(2), 119-124, 1991. 

Wilcox A., Weinberg C.,Baird D., Caffeinated beverages and decreased fertility. Lancet, 1988, 2, 1453-1456. 

Joesoes M.R., Beral V., Rolfs R.T., Aral S.O. Are caffeinated beverages risk factors for delayed conception Lancet, 1990, 1, 136-137. 

The plasma concentrations of caffeine in the rats exposed to the 0.25 and 1.0 mg ml solutions were within the range of those fonnd in typical users of caffeinated beverages. Caffeine may weakly stimnlate dopamine mechanisms via its antagonist action at adenosine receptors (Herrera-Marschitz et al. 1988 Casas et al. 1989 Ferre et al. 1992 Fredholm et al. 1999), and in small doses it may have enhanced the dopaminergic component in the nicotine discriminative stimulns through an effect... 

Many studies reviewed by Tanda and Goldberg (2000) have found evidence for interactions of nicotine with caffeine and drug discrimination studies have further expanded these investigations (Sect. 6.6). The bidirectional, dose-dependent nature of caffeine effects on nicotine discrimination invites comparisons with parallel studies of nicotine self-adminisfration. However, whereas very large chronic doses of caffeine that were much above those obtained by consumers of caffeinated beverages potentiated nicotine self-administration (Shoaib et al. 1999), there is a... 

Within minutes of consumption, a caffeinated beverage will cause the drinker to feel more alert. Simple intellectual tasks are performed more readily, as are physical jobs that require endurance. However, while reaction time is shortened by caffeine, fine motor control suffers, perhaps due to the slight tremor that becomes more pronounced with higher doses of caffeine. The larger doses of caffeine, especially for people who do not use it regularly, cause headache and nervousness. 

People with anorexia nervosa starve themselves. People with bulimia eat and purge their food by vomiting or by some other means. People with both conditions may take diet pills, as well as laxatives, diuretics, and caffeine beverages. 

Lane JD. Effects of brief caffeinated-beverage deprivation on mood, symptoms, and psychomotor performance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997 58(l) 203-208. 

Coffee is not the only source of large doses of caffeine. Chocolate bars, for example, contain approximately 30 mg of caffeine. In addition, over the past 10-15 years soft-drink manufacturers have produced a number of caffeinated beverages including orange juice and water. However, colas remain the principal vehicle to Feed the Rush. A comparison of caffeine content of various colas is shown in Table 11.6. 

Starbucks is an example of a solution that addresses many jobs, such as drink caffeinated beverages, carry on business conversations, surf the Internet, drink healthy alternative beverages, and read books in a relaxed environment. 

Consider for a moment the activities that occupied your past 24 hours. You likely showered with soap, drank a caffeinated beverage, ate at least one form of starch, took some medication, read a newspaper, listened to a CD, and traveled in a vehicle that had rubber tires and was pow ered by fossil fuels. If you did any one of these, your life was touched by organic chemistry. 

Manic-like symptoms were reported in a patient treated with phenelzine and ginseng. The symptoms disappeared with cessation of the herbal therapy (74). Users should also exercise caution if ginseng is taken in combination with caffeinated beverages as discussed in Section 5, hypertension and nervousness have been reported when the two are combined (34). 

Coffee/tea and other caffeinated beverages may help reduce drowsiness. 

Segall, S. 2000. Comparing coffee and tea. In Caffeinated beverages, health benefits, physiological effects and chemistry, ed. T. H. Parliament, C.-T. Ho, and P. Schieberle, 20-28. ACS Symposium Series 754. Washington, DC American Chemical Society. 

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