C genes

T2. Takano, T and Li, S. S.-L., Human testicular lactate dehydrogenase-C gene is interrupted by six introns at positions homologous to those of LDH-A(muscle) and LDH-B(heart) genes. Biockem. Biophys. Res. Common. 159,579—583 (1989). 

More than 160 different mutations have been described for the protein C gene, which has nine exons ranging in size from 53 to 587 base pairs, separated by 8 in-trons ranging in size from 92 to 2668 base pairs (89). These mutations can result in a defective or even absent protein C molecule. Mutations that lead to reduced amounts of protein C molecule without accompanying evidence for an abonormal protein C molecule in the circulation are characterized as causing type I deficiency. Type II deficiency is represented by mutations that lead to the production of more or less normal amounts of defective protein C molecule (89). 

FIGURE 24.4 Silkworm genetic loci responsible for carotenoid transport, (a) List of the genetic loci. + indicates a recessive allele of I. (b) Schematic illustration of the function of the F, I, and C genes. Only larvae with the genotype Y + C] transport carotenoids into the silk gland and create yellow cocoons. 

Lytic growth of Mu can occur either upon initial infection, if the c gene repressor is not formed, or by induction of a lysogen. In either case, replication of Mu DNA involves repeated transposition of Mu to multiple sites on the host genome. Initially, transcription of only the early genes of Mu occurs, but after gene C protein, a positive activator of late RNA synthesis, is expressed, the synthesis of the Mu head and tail proteins occurs. Eventually, expression of the lytic function occurs and mature phage particles are released. 

Lei, B. F., and Tu, S. C., Gene Overexpression, Purification, and Identification of a Desulfurization Enzyme From Rhodococcus Sp Strain IGTS8 as a Sulfide/Sulfoxide Monooxygenase. Journal of Bacteriology, 1996. 178(19) pp. 5699-5705. 

In this study, we examined a newly isolated Rb. spaeroides KD131 strain and a mutant derived from Rb. spaeroides KD131 by internal deletion of Hup SL and Phb C genes on their properties of growth and hydrogen evolution using different substrates and under different culture conditions. 

Tibehus KH, Du L, Tito D, Stejskal F. 1993. The Azotobacter chroococcum hydrogenase gene cluster sequences and genetic analysis of four accessory genes, hup A, hupB,hupY, and hup C. Gene 127 53-61. 

The successful expression of recombinant plant peroxidases such as HRP C has been a major focus of research in a number of laboratories. Three synthetic HRP C genes based on the amino acid sequence determined by Welinder (36, 47) were synthesized independently in order to initiate this work (63-65). A number of different expression systems have been evaluated (64, 66-73), a summary of which is presented in Table I. Refolding of recombinant HRP C isolated from inclusion... 

Aspergillus oryzae Various fusions between the S3mthetic HRP C gene and CIP at both N- and C-termini. Low Recombinant HRP C detected on Western blots (66). 

Baculovirus S3mthetic HRP C gene with the signal sequence of the plant enzyme. Medium Active glycosylated enz3rme produced 3deld 5-10 mg liter- (67). 

Escherichia coli Synthetic HRP C gene under control of the tac promoter. High In vitro refolding required to obtain active enzyme yield 2—i mg liter" (64, 68). Higher yields reported (69, 70). 

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Synthetic HRP C gene fused in-frame to pre-pro a-mating factor. Constitutive and inducible promoters tried. Low Low levels of h3rperglycosylated enzyme secreted yield approx. 50 xg liter" (71, 72). 

Griesenbach U, Chonn A, Cassady R, Hannam V, Ackerley C, Post M, Tanswell AK, Olek K, O Brodovich H, Tsui L-C, Gene Ther. 1998, 5,181-188. 

The cystic fibrosis (c/) gene was first identified in 1989. It codes for a 170 kDa protein, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which serves as a chloride channel in epithelial cells. Inheritance of a mutant cftr gene from both parents results in the CF phenotype. While various organs are affected, the most severely affected are the respiratory epithelial cells, which have, unsurprisingly, become the focus of attempts at corrective gene therapy. 

C. Gene addition to a unique phenotype, such as an enzyme that activates a prodrug. 

Hacein-Bey, H., M. Cavazzana-Calvo, F. Le Deist, A. Dautry-Varsat, C. Hivroz, I. Riviere, O. Danes, J.M. Heard, K. Sugamura, A. Fischer, and G. De Saint Basile, gamma-c gene transfer into SCID XI patients B-cell lines restores normal high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor expression and function. Blood, 1996. 87(8) 3108-16. 

Dictyostelium discoideum (strain AX2 [14] myosin II heavy chain kinase C, gene mhckC [14]) [14]... 

This is the same sequence in which the CH genes lie (Fig. 31-18). However, the C gene, which codes for IgD, is not utilized in this sequence. A newly matured... 

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