Human c-myc Gene

The first step to c-myc transcriptional activation is change of chromatin structure, which is required to allow access of the transcriptional machinery to the promoter. Several NHEs have been shown to play important roles in this process. Notably, one of these, the NHE IIIi, has been the focus of considerable research over the past two decades because of its major role in controlling 

As indicated previously, an intramolecular G-quadruplex structure can be formed in a DNA sequence that contains four runs of at least two or more contiguous guanines separated by one or more bases. Specifically, the noncoding guanine-rich strand within the c-myc NHE IIIi region consists of five runs 

Comparative CD revealed that the spectra of the HIV aptamer T30695 and a 

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Schmidt, E.V., Pattengale, P.K., Weir, L., and Leder, P. (1988). Transgenic mice bearing the human c-myc gene activated by an immnnoglobnlin enhancer a pre-B cell lymphoma model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 6407 6451. 

In most human tumors associated with the c-myc gene, the concentration of c-myc protein is greatly amplified. Burkin s lymphoma, which we discussed earlier, is a notable exception. In this case the c-myc transcript is marginally, and in some cases not at all, increased by comparison... 

The less polar methyl ester 2 as prodrug showed better results in vivo and inhibits both farnesylation of the Ras protein and growth of Ras-transformed cells, whilst proliferation of Raf- or Mos-transformed cells was not influenced. Growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells with mutated K-Ras, c-Myc and p53 genes was inhibited by application of 2. If the compound is administered over a period of 5 days to mice with implanted Ras-dependent tumors, tumor growth can be reduced by up to 66% compared to untreated mice, whereas application of the antitumor antibiotic doxorubicin only resulted in 33% reduction under the same conditions. It is particularly noteworthy that treatment with the /1-turn mimetic - in contrast to treatment with doxorubicin - was without any visible side effects, such as weight loss. 

G-CSF expression is controlled at both the transcriptional and posttranscrip-tional levels. A sequence of 300 nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon is conserved in both the murine and human genes, and this appears to contain three regulatory sites. G-CSF (and some other cytokine genes) may be constitutively transcribed by cells such as blood monocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, but the mRNA may be short-lived (fi/2 < 15 min). The mRNA contains poly-AUUUA sequences in the untranslated region, and this motif is usually associated with mRNA instability. Indeed, such regions have also been identified in mRNA for GM-CSF, IL-1, IL-6, interferons, TNF, some growth factors, c-jun, c-fos, c-myc and c-myb. Upon the addi-... 

Ishida N, Miyazaki K, Sakai T 2001 Circadian rhythm biochemistry from protein degradation to sleep and mating. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 286 1—5 Kloss B, Price JL, Saez L et al 1998 The Drosophila clock gene double-time encodes a protein closely related to human casein kinase lepsilon. Cell 94 97—107 Lau LF, Nathans D 1987 Expression of a set of growth-related immediate early genes in BALE/ c 3T3 cells coordinate regulation with c-fos or c-myc. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 1182-1186... 

Translocation associated with Burkitt s lymphoma. The protooncogene c-myc, on the end of chromosome 8q, is translocated to the end of chromosome 14q, adjacent to the immunoglobulin constant gene, Ig-CfJL. (From J. Yunis, The chromosomal basis of human neoplasia. Science 221 227-236, Jan. 1, 1983. Copyright 1983 by the AAAS. Reprinted by permission.)... 

Yao, M., Shuin, T., Misaki, H., and Kubota, Y. 1988. Enhanced expression of c-myc and epidermal growth factor receptor (c-erbB-1) genes in primary human renal cancer. Cancer Res. 48 6753-6757. 

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