C-FLIP

Step 5 Loop through each bit of each chromosome in the population and perforin genetic mutation i.c. flip the bit-value (0 1 and 1 0) at each locus with some (typically small see below) probability, p,j. (In practice, this step is combined with step 4.)... 

Scaffidi, C., Schmitz, I., Krammer, P., and Peter, M., 1999, The role of c-FLIP in modulation of CD95-induced apoptosis. JBiol Chem. 274(3) 1541-1548. 

Gilbert, S., Loranger, A., and Marceau, N. (2004). Keratins modulate c-Flip/extracellu-lar signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 antiapoptotic signaling in simple epithelial cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 7072-7081. 

Fig. 22. Fingerprint regions of 2D TOCSY spectra of angiotensin (0.7 mM in 90 10 HaOrHaO, pH 7.0) at 298 K acquired at 500 MHz. (A) TOCSY with presaturation, (B) basic TOCSY-WATERGATE and (C) flip-back TOCSY-WATERGATE. There is considerable bleaching of cross-peaks near the water frequency in (A). Spectrum (B) is cleaner with some cross-peaks visible at the water frequency. TTie ffip-back TOCSY-WATERGATE (C) has improved suppression with increased intensity of many of the cross-peaks. (From Fulton et al. with permission.)...

Purkinje cells express GluR-A flop, GluR-B flip and flop, and GluR-C flip mRNAs GluR-A expression is the weakest (Keinanen et al., 1990 Sommer et al., 1990 Monyer et al., 1991 Sato et al., 1993 see Fig. II-L for pan GluR-A to -D expression). There are thus probably multiple AMPA receptors on Purkinje cells for example, these could be differentially located at parallel fibre and climbing fibre synapses. 

Caspase-8 is recruited to FADD via interaction between death effector domains. We found that ORF E8 of the equine herpes virus-2 encoded a protein with two predicted death effector domains. This protein, called v-FLIP, is also present in several other viruses including human herpes virus-8. It interferes with the apoptotic pathway of FasL by binding to FADD and potently inhibits TRAIL-mediated cell death (Thome et al., 1997). The sequence information from v-FLIP led to the discovery of a mammalian homo-logue, cellular FLIP (c-FLIP, also called CASPER/I-... 

Researchers have discovered that Fas-mediated apoptosis is blocked by a molecule that has been assigned various names, but is usually referred to as c-FLIP (cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein) (other names include FLAME, I-FLICE, Casper, etc.) [34,35]. The expression of c-FLIP is down-regulated by IL-2 [36,37], a fact which explains why IL-2 can sensitize activated T-cells to Fas. 

ICE and Ced-3 homologue - C-FLIP, FLAME, Casper = immunoglobulin G = family of inhibitory proteins of NF-tcB = inhibitor of the NF-kB kinases, IkB kinase = interleukin, interleukin-2,-3,-5,-6,-8,-10 = interferon-y... 

Sayers TJ, Brooks AD, Koh CY, Ma W, Seki N, Raziuddin A, Blazar BR, Zhang X, Elliott PJ, Murphy WJ. The proteasome inhibitor PS-341 sensitizes neoplastic cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by reducing levels of c-FLIP. Blood 2003 102 303-310. 

Fig. 8 Circadian oscillation of mRNA in cyclic heat-shocked pea after 7 d culture in the dark, harvested directly or after 1 h illumination at lO.OOOlx. A ssRuBP-Case, B LHC 11, C FLIP...

Ethyl propionate (propionic acid ethyl ester) n. Colorless liquid, fruity odor. Medium boiling solvent for nitrocellulose. Properties bp, 98°C Sp gr, 0.912/0°C flip, 12°C (43.6°F) vp, 43mmHg/30°C. 

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK, hexanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone) n. (CH3)CHCH2 COCH3. A solvent with a moderate evaporation rate, used with cellulosic, vinyl, alkyd, acrylic, phenolic, and coumarone-indene resins, and polystyrene. Bp, II8°C flip, 74°F vp. 13 mmHg per 20°C. 

Cell death and survival decisions are reciprocally regulated by the balance between a large family of pro- (e.g., BAX, BAK, BAD, etc.) and antiapoptotic (e.g., BCL-2, BCL-XL, MCL-1, Al, c-FLIP-s, XIAP, etc.) proteins (Reed 1998). There has been extensive interest in attempts to shift the balance away from survival and toward apoptosis in tumor cells through the use of various molecules that regulate these apoptotic modulators. For example, antisense oligonucleotides directed against BCL-2 have been employed clinically in an attempt to lower the apoptotic threshold for established cytotoxic drugs (Marcucci et al. 2003). An alternative approach... 

Kim JY, Kim EH, Park SS, Lim JH, Kwon TK, Choi KS (2008) Quercetin sensitizes human hepatoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via Spl-mediated DR5 up-regulation and proteasome-mediated c-FLIPS down-regulation. J Cell Biochem 105 1386-1398... 

Solid-state deuterium NMR studies of PPP have been presented [205]. The predominant modes of motion in amorphous regions of the polymer were found to be 180°C flips of the phenyl rings. From relaxation experiments, the correlation time of the flips has been determined to be approximately 10 s at ambient temperature. 

FIGURE 3.15 DCA interconnect methodologies (a) die bond/wire-bond module (b) TAB module (c) flip TAB module (d) flip-chip module (e) thermosonic gold wirebonding (f) TAB bonding (g) flip-chip bonding. 

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