Butyl acrylate data Styrene

Figure 14.9 Effect of various impact modifiers (25wt%) on the notched Izod impact strength of recycled PET (as moulded and annealed at 150°C for 16 h) E-GMA, glycidyl-methacrylate-functionalized ethylene copolymer E-EA-GMA, ethylene-ethyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (72/20/8) terpolymer E-EA, ethylene-ethyl acrylate EPR, ethylene propylene rubber MA-GPR, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber MBS, poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(butadiene/styrene) BuA-C/S, poly(butyl acrylate-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) core/shell rubber. Data taken from Akkapeddi etal. [26]...

Data on Bonderite 37 treated steel are shown in Table IV. The samples are listed in order of reduci-bility. The difference in coating weights between reducible and non-reducible systems is clearly evident. The former deposit coating weights in the same range as for an amine-stabilized styrene/butyl acrylate latex. The latter was coated at pH 4 because of colloidal instability at a higher pH. 

According to literary data, the following mixtures of aromatic/aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbons were separated toluene/ n-hexane, toluene/n-heptane, toluene/n-octane, toluene/f-octane, benzene/w-hexane, benzene/w-heptane, benzene/toluene, and styrene/ethylbenzene [10,82,83,109-129]. As membrane media, various polymers were used polyetherurethane, poly-esterurethane, polyetherimide, sulfonyl-containing polyimide, ionicaUy cross-linked copolymers of methyl, ethyl, n-butyl acrylate with acrilic acid. For example, when a composite polyetherimide-based membrane was used to separate a toluene (50 wt%)/n-octane mixture, the flux Q of 10 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 70 were achieved [121]. When a composite mebrane based on sulfonyl-containing polyimide was used to separate a toluene (1 wt%)/ -octane mixture, the flux 2 of 1.1 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 155 were achieved [10]. When a composite membrane based on ionically cross-linked copolymers of methyl, ethyl, w-butyl acrylate with acrilic acid was used to separate toluene (50 wt%)//-octane mixture, the flux Q of 20-1000 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 2.5-13 were achieved [126,127]. 

This relationship is shown in Figure 13 where Polymer 1 has a permeability 1000 times higher than that of Polymer 2. Published data have small negative deviations from this theoretical relationship. Part of the deviation can be explained by densification of the blend relative to the starting components. Random copolymers, which are forced (by covalent bonds) to imitate combinations of two materials, have permeabilities that are similar to miscible blends. However, the deviations from equation 18 tend to be positive. A series of styrene—methacrylonitrile copolymers were studied (11) and slight positive deviations were found. Figure 14 shows the oxygen permeabilities of a series of vinylidene chloride— -butyl acrylate copolymers [9011-09-0]. 

Raman fibre optics has been used to study the emulsion homopolymerisations of styrene and n-butyl acrylate (35). An IR spectroscopic technique for the examination of radical copolymerisations of acryl and vinyl monomers was developed. A comparative study of the copolymerisation of model monomer pairs was made using monofunctional and polyfunctional compounds. The data established the role of structural-physical transformations, involved in the formation of crosslinked polymers, on the copolymerisation kinetics and on the nonuniformity of distribution of crosslinks in the copolymers formed (151). Raman fibre optics of polymerisation of acrylic terpolymers was also used to monitor as well as an on-line measurement of morphology/composition (66). The high temperature (330 °C) cure reaction of 4-phenoxy-4 -phenyl-ethynylbenzophenone was monitored using a modulated fibre optic FT-Raman spectrometer (80). 

Very effective flame retardant data were obtained with styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer/graphite oxide (St-BA/GO) nanocomposites. "- The GO was prepared by oxidation of expandable graphite, and the St-BA/GO nanocomposites (GO content of up to 4% mass fraction) were synthesized by exfoliation- adsorption of monomer followed by in situ emulsion polymerization. The distribution of the GO particles was examined by XRD, TEM, and electron diffraction exfoliated GO layers in crystalline structures were observed. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) data show a slight increase in thermal stability (up to 15°C with a 3% mass fraction of GO). Significant reduction in heat release rate by increasing GO content has been reported all nanocomposites reduced about 40% of total heat released compared with that of St-BA, as shown in Figures 10.14 and 10.15. 

The NIR-Raman spectroscopy was used by Wang et al. [163] to study the kinetics of styrene polymerizations in glass reaction flasks. Wang et al. [164], Ozpozan et al. [165], Al-Khanbashi et al. [166], Urlaub et al. [122], Bauer et al. [167], Van Den Brink et al. [168], McCaffery and Durant [169], and Elizalde et al. [170] performed similar studies forVA, styrene/butyl acrylate, MMA, cyanacrylate, styrene/ butadiene, styrene and butyl acrylate/MMA polymerizations in emulsion and miniemulsion reactions. These studies showed that NIR-Raman spectral data obtained in-line during emulsion polymerizations could be used for kinetic model building and kinetic analysis. 

Using FT-MIR spectrometers equipped with ATR probes, Chatzi et al. [171], Kammona et al. [172], Hua and Dube [173], and Roberge and Dubd [174] obtained similar results for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/styrene and VA/butyl acrylate/ MMA emulsion homo- and copolymerizations. Particularly, Hua and Dube [173] present a review about the use of FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy for kinetic studies in polymerization systems. In all cases, MLR or PLS calibration models were used for interpretation of spectral data. 

Figure 5.1. Rate of Ostwald ripening for emulsions as a funotion of the solubility of the constituent in water. The constituents of the oil phase include />alkanes (n = 9-16) [19] and some common monomers. St, BA, and MMA represent styrene, n-butyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate, respectively. The data of the solubility of monomers in water were used to estimate the Ostwald ripening rate of the homogenized monomer droplets via the extrapolation method.

The second important observation for the data in Figure 1 is that interdiffusion occurs even at the early stages of annealing time, in the all films. This result is very different from that reported by Joanicot et al. b for a different latex film. They found that polyacrylic acid [PAA] at the surface of a poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) latex effectively suppressed interdiffusion until the film temperature exceeded the Tg of the PAA, at which point the polar membranes ruptured. The essential difference in... 

The copolymer of styrene and butyl acrylate was polymerized in the batch mode and the NMR triad data obtained [27], The analysis shown in Tables 7.16 and 7.17 clearly indicates the existence of compositional heterogeneity for these copolymers. 

Analysis of conversion to 63% of styrene (S)/butyl acrylate (A) for the NMR triad data [25]... 

Reliable rate constants kp are available for styrene, " n-butyl acrylate, methyl and other alkyl methacrylates. Data for other monomers can be found in Polymer Handbook or in the recent review by Beuermann and Buback. ... 

Table 3.2 summarizes Arrhenius parameters of fi ee-radical propagation and termination rate coefficients for ethylene, styrene (St), and vinyl acetate (YAc), as well as alkyl esters (methyl, butyl and dodecyl) of methacrylic and acrylic adds. An extensive review by Beuermann and Buback [10] contains data for additional monomers. The following observations are noted ... 

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