Annealing Time

Conformation search techniques can be used to find very-low-energy conformations, which are most relevant to polymers that will be given a long annealing time. 

In the glass (qv) and ceramic industry (see Ceramics), barite can be used both as a flux, to promote melting at a lower temperature or to increase the production rate, and as an additive to increase the refractive index of glass. The viscosity of barite-containing glass often needs to be raised. Alumina in the form of feldspar is sometimes used. To offset any color produced by iron from the barite addition, more decolorizer may be needed. When properly used, barytes help reduce seed, increase toughness and brilliancy, and reduce annealing time. Barite is also a raw material for the manufacture of other barium chemicals. 

Annealing temperature rc) Annealing time (min) Birefringence (An) Anid Volume crystallinity (%) TTM fraction Critical dissolve time (s) Amorphous orientation function (/ )... 

Another kinetic jjhenomenon where Calm s critical waves can possibly be visualized and studied is the replication of interphase boundaries (IPB) illustrated in Figs. 8-10. Similarly to the replication of APBs. it can arise after a two-step quench of an initially uniform disordered alloy. First the alloy is quenched and annealed at temperature T in some two-phase state that can be either metastable or spinodally unstable with respect to phase separation. Varying the annealing time one can grow here precipitates ("droplets ) of a suitable size /. For sufficiently large /, the concentration c(r) within A-riched droplets is close to the equilibrium binodal value C(,(T ) (thin curve in Fig. 9). 

Figure 3. Resistivity change vs. annealing time at various neighbouring temperatures (small step annealing) of Au-5at%Fe ( ), Au-10at%Fe (V), Au-14at%Fe ( ) and Au-20at%Fe (A) in the recrystallized state...

Sueh a behaviour of metastability has been reported in the systems Cu65Pt35 and CuAu3. It has been shown that for inereased annealing time or after meehanieal deformation LRO is obtained, whereas for too short annealing times in homogenised material only the variation of SRO with temperature is deteeted. This may lead to serious misinterpretation of alloy stability if not carefully enough investigated. 

Fig. 12. Interface width a as a function of annealing time x during initial stages of interdiffusion of PS(D)/PS(H) [95]. Data points are obtained by a fit with error function profiles of neutron reflectivity curves as shown in Fig. 11. Different symbols correspond to different samples. The interface width a0 prior to annealing is also indicated (T) and is subtracted quadratically from the data (a = [

D is the diffusion coefficient and t the diffusion time (ii) a coarsening regime (occurring at longer annealing times) with a radius scaling as The two equations that... 

After quenching to ambient temperature the laterally averaged volume fraction versus depth profile was measured by TOF-ERDA, and Figure 4.29 shows a series of dPS profiles for increasing annealing times. After 10 min annealing at 180°C,... 

Experience shows that the density of Ob-vacs can be varied by changing the anneal temperature or the anneal time [66], Wendt et al. [18] assessed this systematically by demonstrating a linear dependence of the Ob-vac density (measured by STM) on the sample history, the latter being defined as the anneal temperature x anneal time. 

It should be noted here that ve will increase with an increase of annealing time (At) at a temperature above the melting temperature. Hereafter we will call At the melt annealing time . 

Fig. 33 Schematic illustration of the model of two-stage melt relaxation. When ECSCs are melted, the chains within ECSCs are rapidly changed to a random coiled conformation. Then, chains are gradually entangled with each other. Cross-mark denotes the entanglement. rconf and tent are the conformational and topological relaxation time, respectively. At is the melt annealing time (see text)...

Fig. 1 Annealing time dependences of the crystallization isotherm 0 (below) and the macroscopic density (above) of PET annealed at 115 °C [6]... 

Fig. 4 SAXS curves of PET crystallized from the glassy state at 80 °C as a function of annealing time [7]...

---