Thermo-gravimetric analysis

Properties. The Qf of the anhyd salt was calcd to be — 179kcal/mole (Ref 8), and of the aq soln to be — 173.94kcal/mole (Ref 6). Effect of heat Marvin Woolaver found by thermo-gravimetric analysis that Ca perchlorate starts to decomp at 220° and decomps rapidly at 400° to give Ca oxide, Ca chloride, and perchloric ac (Ref 5). Chudinov in the USSR states thatit decomps betw 320 and 455° with the formn of Ca oxide, Ca chloride, Cl, and O (Ref 7). Solubility it is sol in w and most org solvs except eth (Ref 3)... 

Fig. 11. Thermal degradation temperature of standard PHB and PHB obtained from Bacillus aryahhattai by Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)...

The NaCl -SOD formed during these reactions can be clearly identified by its IR spectrum, perchlorate sodalite collapse at 1050°C. From the thermo gravimetric analysis it is evident that at this temperature the entire amount of NaCl escapes. The degree of the cage filling by salt molecules can be calculated on the basis of both the oxygen and the NaCl loss. 

For both the Si02-g-PS and the Si02-g-PDMS systems the surface coverage of the polymer was determined by elemental microanalysis. In the former case this was supplemented by thermo-gravimetric analysis. 

From the discussion presented of reactions in solids, it should be apparent that it is not practical in most cases to determine the concentration of some species during a kinetic study. In fact, it may be necessary to perform the analysis in a continuous way as the sample reacts with no separation necessary or even possible. Experimental methods that allow measurement of the progress of the reaction, especially as the temperature is increased, are particularly valuable. Two such techniques are thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These techniques have become widely used to characterize solids, determine thermal stability, study phase changes, and so forth. Because they are so versatile in studies on solids, these techniques will be described briefly. 

C. Duval, Inorganic Thermo gravimetric Analysis, 2nd ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1963. 

Water of crystaUization in hydrated salts can be measured by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Zinc can be analyzed in an aqueous solution by AA or ICP. Sulfate can be identified by precipitation with barium chloride solution or by ion chromatography. The zinc content in the heptahydrate is determined by AA, ICP and other instrumental methods. 

Thanks to the extensive literature on Aujj and the related smaller gold cluster compounds, plus some new results and reanalysis of older results to be presented here, it is now possible to paint a fairly consistent physical picture of the AU55 cluster system. To this end, the results of several microscopic techniques, such as Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) [39,40,41], Mossbauer Effect Spectroscopy (MES) [24, 25, 42,43,44,45,46], Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) [35, 36], Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) [47,48,49], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [29, 50, 51], and electron spin resonance (ESR) [17, 52, 53, 54] will be combined with the results of several macroscopic techniques, such as Specific Heat (Cv) [25, 54, 55, 56,49], Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) [57], Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA) [58], UV-visible absorption spectroscopy [40, 57,17, 59, 60], AC and DC Electrical Conductivity [29,61,62, 63,30] and Magnetic Susceptibility [64, 53]. This is the first metal cluster system that has been subjected to such a comprehensive examination. 

DTA, differential thermal analysis TGA, thermo-gravimetric analysis. 

RuCl3 -nH20 (41.20-42.68 wt% Ru) is available commercially from Engelhard. The exact content of water may be determined before each reaction by thermo-gravimetric analysis. 

T Glass transition temperature TGA Thermo gravimetric analysis... 

Similar results were obtdby Avrami Jackson (Ref 90) who subjected HMX, RDX, HMX/RDX mixts and Comp B to low level long-term Co60 gamma radiation (225R/hr for 90, 120, and 150 days). Differential thermal analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, weight loss detn, and vac stability, infrared spectrometry, impact sen si-... 

The process of guest release for the two types of inclusion compound of 9.4 can be followed by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA, Box 9.1). This reveals the clathrate-like behaviour of the y phase (trace 2) and contrasts significantly with the zeolite-like behaviour of the microporous /1-phase (trace 1), Figure 9.19b. The mass loss stages followed by both compounds after initial wetting in benzene are as follows ... 

A polyvinyl acetate latex prepared by semi-continuous polymerization at 55° using a polymethacrylic acid-nonylphenol-poly-ethoxylate phosphate ester emulsifier and sodium persulfate-sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate initiator (23). The latex was cleaned by ion exchange and serum replacement using both Nuclepore and Pellicon membranes, and the cleaned latex and serum fractions were analyzed by conductometric titration. In addition, the dried films were extracted with water and organic solvents, and the extracts were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis. 

At sufficiently elevated temperatures, ILs decompose chemically. Thermo-gravimetric analysis has given some insight on the decomposition process for some species [55, 59], though it has not been well characterized for many classes of ILs. Temperatures for thermal decomposition vary widely between species, but can be as high as 450°C [54, 55, 60],... 

The thermal stability of the complexes was determined by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) with a Mettler TA 3000 System at a scan rate of 10°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. The complexes were found quite stable up to 430 °C. The maximum weight loss occurred at about 450 °C. 

Thermo-gravimetric analysis results are presented in Figure 2. They indicate that (1) the PFD SRC char is relatively more reactive than the CSD and ASD chars (2) PFD char reactivity is between those of WSB and KHB coal chars (3) CSD and ASD char reactivities are both comparable to that of the KHB coal char, but... 

Figure 3. Dynamic thermo gravimetric analysis of PMMA samples. Heating rate, 5°C./mm., with a steady flow of nitrogen, 80 ml./min.

Thermo gravimetric analysis Differential thermal analysis... 

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