Literary data

As mentioned above, at gas-phase conjugated oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in a flow system with stationary mode H02 radical concentration is several orders of magnitude higher than "OH radical concentration. Based on this fact and literary data on olefm epoxidation... 

It is established, that during the carbonization of systems HC- salt of metal of ferrous subgroup the reducing of the salts to the free metals take place. These highly disperse metals catalyze (at definite THT) the processes of carbon structuring with formation of different phases of ordered carbon. On literary data... 

The following literary data will serve as a guide ... 

Thus, the permeation of hydrocarbons in polymer membranes is governed by the basic regularities typical of permeation of low MW penetrants, modified however by certain peculiarities related to the stmcture and shape of hydrocarbon molecules. We will now discuss the physicochemical regularities of hydrocarbon separation and removal using polymer membranes, by trying to reveal the relationship between the chemical stmcture of polymers and their separation properties with respect to mixtures containing hydrocarbons. It follows from literary data that mbbery polymers are mainly used in gas/vapor separation processes for selective separation of hydrocarbon vapors from their mixtures with air as well as in pervaporation processes for the removal of hydrocarbons from their aqueous solutions. In practice, glassy polymers are used for separation of olefins and paraffins as well as for separation of aromatic, ahcyclic, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. 

According to literary data, the following mixtures of aromatic/aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbons were separated toluene/ n-hexane, toluene/n-heptane, toluene/n-octane, toluene/f-octane, benzene/w-hexane, benzene/w-heptane, benzene/toluene, and styrene/ethylbenzene [10,82,83,109-129]. As membrane media, various polymers were used polyetherurethane, poly-esterurethane, polyetherimide, sulfonyl-containing polyimide, ionicaUy cross-linked copolymers of methyl, ethyl, n-butyl acrylate with acrilic acid. For example, when a composite polyetherimide-based membrane was used to separate a toluene (50 wt%)/n-octane mixture, the flux Q of 10 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 70 were achieved [121]. When a composite mebrane based on sulfonyl-containing polyimide was used to separate a toluene (1 wt%)/ -octane mixture, the flux 2 of 1.1 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 155 were achieved [10]. When a composite membrane based on ionically cross-linked copolymers of methyl, ethyl, w-butyl acrylate with acrilic acid was used to separate toluene (50 wt%)//-octane mixture, the flux Q of 20-1000 kg pm/m h and the separation factor of 2.5-13 were achieved [126,127]. 

In oil processing, separation of aromatic isomers Cg (ethylbenzene 7b= 136°C,p-xylene 7b= 138.3°C, m-xylene Ty, = 139.1°C, >-xylene T], = 144.4°C) is required. According to the literary data, the following isomers of hydrocarbons are separated p-xylene/m-xylene, p-xylene/o-xylene, -hexane/2,2-dimethylbutane, -hexane/3-methylpentane, and n-butane/f-butane [8,83,130-137]. Pervaporation method is the most effective for this purpose. To separate the isomers, membranes based on various polymers were used. Good separation for aU isomer mixtures was attained by the polyimide Kapton film (fip = 1.43-2.18) but parylene films and cellulose acetate also exhibited a relatively high separation factor (fip = 1.22-1.56 and /3p = 1.23-1.56, respectively). Temperatures >200°C were required to obtain a reasonable flux through the polyimide film and a pressure of about 20 atm was necessary to keep the feed stream liquid [8]. 

OTES is currently the most promising organoalkoxysilane for use as a water repellent [18 - 20]. For the determination of optimum conditions for the use of OTES, its HPC processes have to be investigated under various conditions. However, there is a lack of literary data concerning the processes of OTES condensation and hydrolysis. Therefore, this pq)er deals with the investigation of OTES HPC for electrophilic catalysis. 

It is agreed with literary data of absence of steric hindrance for adsorption of normal hydrocarbons on zeolites of a pentasile type [5-8]. Adsorption isotherms of 3-methylpentane lay below ones of n-hexane and starting US-69 sample at identical p/ps, the decrease of adsorption volume capacity made about 10%. In the investigated p/ps range adsorption isotherm of benzene on US-69 sample lays below, than for 2,3-dimethylbutane, and in initial area - even is lower than for cyclohexane contrary to a ratio of there kinetic diameters. At the same time, benzene isotherm increases faster, so that level of saturation for benzene can lay above, than for 2,3-dimethylbutane. Apparently, such character of benzene isotherm is connected to a feature of packing of molecules in pentasile channels, and also with stronger interaction adsorbate-adsorbate in comparison with interaction adsorbate-adsorbent. 

Thus, analysis of literary data allows to come to a conclusion about presence of PA luminescence, related to the product of keto-imide structure, which is formed and consumed in chain processes, performing here the function of photoinitiator. Unlike traditional schemes of photoinitiation intermediate hydroperoxides does not play great role at photooxidative PA destruction. 

Thus, analysis of literary data shows that up to now there is not clear and full idea about the mechanism of PA thermooxidative destruction. And, as a result, there is much indefinite in the question of its stabilization and modification, the more at introducing additives directly into polymer melt [41]. Besides, it should be taken into consideration that majority of these additives possess low thermal stability, and this eliminates their use at the synthesis and production of fibers. 

Proceeding from the available literary data, " the following kinetic scheme of luciferase functionality (Fig. 1) can be derived ... 

Catalytic tests showed the highest activity of Co-containing samples among the oxide catalysts (Fig. 2) that is in good accordance with the literary data. Cobalt oxide, however, has low thermostability. Much higher stability, close to conventional CuCr204, was observed for the LaCoOs sample. 

In recent years a variety of novel antifriction polymer-based materials have been developed and the known improved at different research centers and laboratories of the world. However, even a very learned expert in the field of friction is in a difficulty to evaluate truly the publicity and literary data when maJcing comparative analysis or selecting proper materials for particular friction applications. The reasons lie in the unavailability of common methods for friction testing of materials as well as evaluating criteria on the friction characteristics of materials. Explanation and selection of evaluating criteria largely depend upon the factors that influence the friction characteristics of polymers, and capabilities of the testing equipment. 

In the epimers 369 and 370 generated identical mixtures of ions. Literary data show that until recently the same stable cations have been obtained from epimers. This is why Brown stated that for the nonclassical ion concept the solvolytic studies are far more informative than those on the generation of stable ions since only in the former epimers display different reactivity which is the most important sign of nonclassicality Recently, however, Kamschei et al. have... 

For the proposed technique community verification, namely, the equation (29), the authors [24] used the literary data for polymer-solvent 16 pairs in reference to polymers of different kinds polyearbonate (PC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl ehloride) (PVC), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyarylate (PAr) and polystirene (PS) [5, 17, 18, 20]. The solubility parameters 6 of the indieated polymers is accepted according to the data [16, 32]. The eomparison of ealeulated according to the Eqs. (4) and (29) Devalues for these polymer-solvent pairs... 

All these reactions are to be attributed to the action of electrolytic oxygen. In the brief survey which will here be given it is not possible to go into the details of the researches. The following literary data will serve as a guide ... 

Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a nenrodegenerative disease with specific image of neuropathological changes. It is the most frequent cause of dementia in its consequence. It is a very burdening disease which devastates quality of life and represents one of the main primary causes of death. Literary data are extensive, complicated, and frequently cOTitradictory. That is why the range of these data is still outUne and has only deductive character. 

Derived ejqterimental values are described by Equation (7) with good accnracya-relaxation time s temperature function consists of two branches, linking np at glass transition temperature of system (Figure 1). Fairness of Equation (7) is conOmedby that averaged out for all experimental models quantity fg = 0.095 conforms to literary data. 

In addition the obtained value B=. 6 mm corresponds well to the literary data for samples with the greatest plasticity thickness [13], Then the fast reduction at B growth is observed, that corresponds completely to similar fracture toughness decrease within the frameworks of polymer fracture two-component model [25, 26] and also corresponds to the stressed state transition from plane-stressed to plane-strained one [13]. At B = 20 25 mm the values reach as miptotic magnitude, that also corresponds to the experimental B value, obtained for transition to plane-strained state [24]. 

In Fig. 13.1, the dependence of on 6 for 9 used for films preparation solvents is adduced, where the value 6 was accepted according to the literary data [10]. 

To determine the density of B sites the intensities of the OH bands themselves may be used. A second possibility to analyze the concentration of both B and L sites is their quantitative determination using various base molecules [31-36]. The selection of the most suitable probe molecule always seems to be difficult. In any case exact knowledge of the absorption coefficient is necessary, which additionally may be coverage-dependent. In the case of pyridine the literary data have been critically evaluated [37]. 

Generalizing the literary data on thermodynamic characteristics of some polysaccharides we give the table which lists their thermodynamic functions at 298.15 K (Table 14). 

The performed analysis of the literary data allows making a conclusion that a complex investigation of interrelation between the structure, thermodynamic characteristics and sorption properties of polysaccharides makes it possible to purposefully select effective means of BAS supply to a human organism. 

Acetyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-6,7-dihydro-lH,5H-pyrrolo[2,3-flmdole (13) and 6-acetyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl- 7,8-dihydro-3H, 6H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]m(hle (14). Was obtained similarly to compoimds 6 and 7 from 30 mmole of l-acetyl-5-indolinylhydrazone PAEE (12). Integrated yield of compounds 13 and 14 was 74%. Was piuified on column, eluent benzene-ether (5 1). From eluate with Rf 0.14 ((benzene-acetone, 9 1) was extracted 5.3 g (65%) of compoimd 13. Tmeit 261-262°C, what corresponds the literary data [9]. Isolation of compound 14 was not managed. 

Method A Ig (0,005 mole) 2-oxycarbonyl-lH,5H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]indole (17) was heated during 5 minutes, cooled. The product was extracted with acetone and purified on column. Eluent benzene. Rf 0.5 (benzene). Yield 0,3 g (19%). Tsuw-199-200°C (aeeording the literary data 199-200°C [9]). 

---