Morphology of composites

It is possible to explain the decrease of ZnCFO efficiency as component of various vulcanization systems for rubbers of general and special assignment in the earlier submitted line (fig. 10) also by character of formed morphology of compositions. So, at use of ZnCFO as the activator of sulfur vulcanization the structure of rubbers with the minimal value of parameter r is formed, and at transition from sulfur to peroxide vulcanization of elastomeric compositions the particles size of heterophase is increased (fig. 11 b). 

Fig. 3.40 Scanning electron micrographs showing morphology of as-received powder particles (a) NaBH and (b) MgH, and the morphology of composites (c) (NaBH + 10 wt%MgH ) (5 h milled), (d) (NaBH + 20 wt%MgH2) (20 h milled) and (e) (NaBH + 50 wt%MgH2) (20 milled)...

Ohno T (2002) Morphology of composite nanoparticles of immiscible binary systems prepared by gas-evaporation technique and subsequent vapor condensation. J Nanoparticle Res 4 255-260... 

Three factors, listed below, which might influence the morphology of composite latex particles will now be discussed. 

Yang CY, Heeger AJ (1996) Morphology of composites of semiconducting polymers mixed with Cso- Synth Met 83 85... 

It is possible to predict the equilibrium morphologies of composite polymer particles based on these thermodynamic considerations of the surface free energy... 

Morphology of Composites of Low-Molar-Mass Liquid Crystals and Polymer Networks... 

Figure 8.12 shows the behavior typical of an incompatible polymer pair, cis-PB/PS (Curtius et al, 1972). The shift and broadening of the transitions are at a minimum. The morphology of compositions shown in Figure 8.12 was already examined (see Figure 8.1) and found to indicate relatively sharp phase domain separation. The mechanical and morphological observations tend to confirm each other. 

Generally, the complex structure and morphology of composite nanoparticles are difficult to be obtained by single step. Thus, a multistep continuous synthesis in a microfluidic device is expected to provide qualified functional products with improved controllability for complicated reactions. The process is carried out by precisely combining aU of the three strategies as mentioned before. 

Figure 8.22. Morphologies of composites made by CVD. The numbers indicate the dimensions of the component phases. From T. Hirai and T. Goto. In R. E. Tressler, G. L. Messing, C. G. Pantano, and R. E. Newnham (eds.). Tailoring Multiphase and Composite Ceramics. Plenum, New York (1984).

Alternatively, some papers have based their analysis on the values of the work of adhesion, W and the interfacial tensions rather than co [40,41] to predict the filler localization. Ma et al. [39] compared three different methods to predict the morphology of composites containing nano-CaCOs, based on interfacial tension data, estimation of the work of adhesion, and estimation of the wetting coefficient. They reported that the wetting coefficient is the most accurate tool to predict the phase structure, by comparing with the actual localization of the nano-CaCOg particles observed using SEM. 

Moreover, the molecular weight and structure of the functional PO as well as melt viscosity and rheological properties were found responsible for the final morphology of composites. Best results are generally achieved by employing polymer with molecular weight similar to that of the matrix otherwise the miscibility between the two POs might be compromised and the intercalation/exfoliation process inhibited. 

The morphology of composite can be better explained using the solid-state NMR studies. For instance both the crystalline and amorphous components of polymer have distinct chemical shifts in the spectrum. The observed... 

Figure 9.19 Morphology of composite copper plating (a-d) and pure copper-plating (e,f) coatings after different numbers of fric-...

The fracture morphology of composites modified with —in situ and pre-grafted polymer as a compatibilizer was shown in the Figure 8. The morphology of 30 wt%... 

The crystalline morphology of composite nanofibers is influenced by the orientation of macromolecules as weU as by the presence of filler particles in the fiber. As with unfilled polymer nanofibers, the percent crystallinity of composite nanofihers also tends to he lower than that of the bulk material. 

The morphology of composite calcined at different temperatures is shown in Figure 94. Sample calcined at 900°C is sufficiently porous comprised of aggregates formed by 30-50 nm domains of primary particles by TEM and XRD data. 

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