Apiaceae family

Christensen, L. P., and Brandt, K. (2006). Bioactive polyacetylenes in food plants of the Apiaceae family Occurrence, bioactivity and analysis. /. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 41,683-693. 

Flavone synthase (FNS EC 1.14.11.22) introduces a double bond between C2 and C3 of a flavanone to produce the corresponding flavone. This activity was initially identified in parsley cell suspension cultures and subsequently shown to be encoded by a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase [67, 78, 79], This enzyme, now known as FNS-I, appears to have very limited distribution. To date, it has only been identified in the Apiaceae family (Umbellifers). The more widely occurring FNS-II (CYP93B) was initially identified from snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) flowers [80] and was subsequently shown to be a P450 enzyme. FNS-I, FNS-II, and the various roles flavones play in plant species have recently been reviewed by Martens and Mithofer [81], Subsequent to this review, Yu et al. [82] demonstrated that the characteristic lack of natural accumulation of flavones in Brassicaceae could not be overcome in A. thaliana even by overexpression of recombinant parsley FNS-I. 

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a member of the Apiaceae family. The fresh leaves of parsley and the dried herb are widely used as flavouring. More than 80 compounds have been identified in the volatile fraction, and the aromatic volatiles of parsley are mainly monoterpenes and the aromatics myristicin and api-ole. It is suggested that the characteristic odour of parsley is due to the presence ofp-mentha-l,3,8-triene, myrcene, 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine, myristicin, linalool, (Z)-6-decenal and (Z)-3-hexenal [227, 228]. Furthermore, /3-phellan-drene, 4-isopropenyl-l-methylbenzene and terpinolene contribute significantly... 

Wolski, T., Najda, A. and Hoderna Kedzia, E. (2004) The content and composition of essential oils and extracts obtained from fruits of some plants of the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) family and preliminary antibacterial assessment of extracts. Postepy Fitoterapii 5(13), 119-125. 

Suksdorfin (LI), a dihydroseselin-type angular pyranocoumarin isolated from Lomatium suksdorfii Coult. Rose (Apiaceae family) was ideutified as a lead anti-HIV natural product through... 

Scratch tests with powdered commercial spices in 70 patients with positive skin tests to birch and/or mugwort pollens and celery were positive to aniseed, fennel, coriander, and cumin, all Apiaceae, in more than 24 patients (2). Spices from unrelated families (red pepper, white pepper, ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon) elicited positive immediate skin test reactions in only three of 11 patients. Specific serum IgE to spices (determined in 41 patients with a positive RAST to celery) up to class 3 was found, especially in patients with celery-mugwort or celery-birch-mugwort association. The celery-birch association pattern was linked to positive reactions (RAST classes 1,2) with spices from the Apiaceae family only. 

The diseases can be spread by the seeds (Mycocentrospora, Septoria, Ascochyta, Itersonilia), by insect (Phomopsis diachenii, bakteriozy), by wind from the wild plants from Apiaceae family Erysiphe, Ascochyta phomoides) and by soil Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon, Phoma, Mycocentrospora, Itersonilia, Colletotrichum, Sclerotinia). 

The other important pest of caraway is Depressaria daucella Denis et Schiffermiiller (1775). The symptoms are appeared as the umbels spun into the balls, bitten flower peduncles and seeds (in May), later the holes covered by the arachnoid cap in the stems are present. Depressaria is spread from the host plants - Carum carvi L., Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare Mill., Petroselinum hortense L., Daucus carota L., Anethum graveolens L. and the other species from Apiaceae family. 

Coriandrum sativum L. Conundrum sativum L. (coriander) belongs to the Apiaceae family and is cultivated worldwide for its nutritional value and medicinal properties (relief of pain, anxiety, flatulence, loss of appetite, and convulsions). The effects of inhaled coriander volatile oil (1-3 %) extracted from Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum on spatial memory performance were assessed in an Ap2 2 rat model of AD. Exposure to coriander volatile oil improved spatial memory, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPX) specific activities along with an elevation of malondial-dehyde (MDA) level [288],... 

Schizocarp dry fruit in the Apiaceae family which splits at maturity into several indehiscscent one-cell carpels. 

Birghila S., Dobrinas S., Belc M., 2004, Determination of copper by standard addition method in leafy vegetables from apiaceae family, Ovidius University Annals of... 

Evergetis, E., Michaelakis, A., Kioulos, E., Koliopoulos, G., Haroutounian, S. A. 2009. Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from six Apiaceae family taxa against the West Nile virus vector Culexpipiens. ParasitoL. 105(1) 117-124. 

P-Selinene (138) is ubiquitous sesquiterpene hydrocarbon of seed oil from many species of Apiaceae family, for example, Cryptotaenia canadensis vai. japonica, which is widely used as vegetable for Japanese soup. p-Selinene was biotransformed by plant pathogenic fungus G. cingulata... 

Christensen LP, Brandt K (2006) Bioactive polyacetylenes in food plants of the Apiaceae family occurrence, bioactivity and analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 41 683-693 Chung JG (1998) Inhibitory actions of ellagic acid on growth and aryl amine N-acetyltransferase activity in strains of Helicobacter pylori from peptic ulcer patients. Microbios 93 115-127 Clifford MN (2004) Diet-derived phenols in plasma and tissues and their imphcation for health. Planta Med 70 1103-1114... 

The cause of the typical smell of fresh parsley Petroselinum hortense) is p-mentha-l,3,8-triene (Figure 8.9). As in other vegetables of the Apiaceae family, important substances of root parsley and leaf parsley are phthalides. The main phthalides are sedanenolide, (E)-Hgustilide and butylphthahde, while (Z)- and (E)-butyhdene-phthahde, (Z)-ligustilide, (Z)-sedanolide and 3-butyl-5,6-dihydrophthalide are present in smaller amounts. Other important components of leaf parsley are linalool, P-dtroneUol, methyl... 

In addition to the occurrence in carrots, polyacetylenes were also found in numerous other plant species from the Apiaceae family. Recently, parsnip Pastinaca sativa), celeriac Apium graveolens var. rapaceum), and parsley Petroselinum crispum) have been investigated aiming to show the distribution of the individual polyacetylene substances in the roots [22]. The Raman spectra obtained from various areas of the parsnip roots showed distinct signals in the region of 2270-2180 cm , and it was found that the spectral profiles and band positions depend significantly on the localization within the root. 

Ekiert, H., 2000. Medicinal plant biotechnolt y the Apiaceae family as the example of rapid development. Pharmazie 55,561-567. 

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