Buckthorn bark

The large influence that the degree of comminution of the drug has on the liberation of active principles during preparation of the tea has been domonstrated in investigations with alder buckthorn bark and cascara bark ... 

For the record, Hoxsey s herbal mixture for internal cancers included the following (Moss, 1992, p. 161 Walters, 1993, p. 97) potassium iodide, cascara (Rham-ms), licorice (Glycyrrhiza), red clover (Trifolium), burdock root (Arctium), barberry (Berberis), stillingia root (Stillingia), pokeroot (Phytolacca), prickly ash bark (Zan-thoxylum), and buckthorn bark (Rhamnus). All are listed in Hartwell (1982), and some occur in other herbal remedies for cancer. It has been commented that orthodox scientific research has by now identified antitumor activity in most of the plants used by Hoxsey (Walters, 1993, p. 97). 

Rhamni frangulae cortex Alder buckthorn bark Rhamnu.s frangula i.. Rhamnaceae DAB to, PhEur II,... 

Frangula. Buckthorn bark alder buckthorn black dogwood berry alder arrow wood Persian berries. Dried hark of Rhamnus franguia L, Rhamnaceae- Habit. Europe. Russian Asia, Mediterranean coast of Africa, Constit Frangulin. emodin. chrysophanic acid. 

Rhamnus cathartics. Buckthorn bark. Dried, ripe fruit of Rhamnus cathartica L., Rhamnaceae. Habit. Europe Northern Africa to Middle Asia. Constit. Rhamnoca -thartin, rhamnotannic acid, rhamnin, rhamnetin. 

Glucoside of alder buckthorn bark. Orange needles + iHgO from Py.Aq. M.p. 246-9° (turns red at 197°). [ ]d — 134° in 80% AcOH. Acid hyd. —> rhamnose + frangula-emodin. 

The active principles of buckthorn bark (an-thraglycosides) are cathartic they act on the large intestine (colon), with the diglycosides being more active than the monoglycosides (see also cascara and... 

For the plant, another good way to stop consumption by an animal is to affect the animal s gastrointestinal system. This approach is used by a number of plants, but the mechanism of action varies. The first approach is direct irritation of the stomach lining to induce nausea and vomiting. The induction of mild vomiting is useful in some situations. The sacred bark of the California buckthorn produces cascara that is used to induce mild vomiting (a purgative). 

Gastrointestinal Direct stomach irritation -nausea, vomiting and diarrhea California buckthorn (sacred bark), tung nut, horse chestnut, pokeweed Emodin and esculine (toxins) oil from seeds, nuts some medical uses Children are most often affected... 

Rhamnus davurica Pall. R. davurica Pall. var. nipponica Makino R. parvifolia Bunge. Shu Li (Buckthorn) (fruit, root, stem bark) Emodin, chrysophanol, kaempferol, rhamnodiastase, aloe-emodin.48,308 This herb is slightly toxic. Insecticidal, treat respiratory infection, cough, improve bowel movement. 

Cascara sagrada [sacred bark], cascara buckthorn)... 

Rhamnus purshiana (D.C.), synonymous with Frangula purshiana (D.C.) A. Gray ex J.C. Cooper buckthorn, chittem bark, sacred bark (Anonymous, 1996)... 

Cascara sagrada, the dried bark of Rhamnus purshiana, was first used in conventional American medicine in 1877, after being introduced as a laxative by Mexican and Spanish priests in California. A European counterpart (European buckthorn R frangula) was described by the Anglo-Saxons, and the berries were included in the 1650 London Pharmacopoeia (Anonymous, 1996). 

A plant of the Pacific Northwest, used by Native Americans as a laxative. An active ingredient of the bark, emodin, may have anticancer properties. Also called California buckthorn. 

Alder buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula). A member of the Rhamnaceae endemic to Europe, north west Asia, and north Africa whose bark is used to prepare extracts with laxative activity and for mordant dyeing of wool (sandy brown to red-brown) on account of its contents of emodin, frangulins, chrysophanol, physcion, and other anthranoids. 

As typical examples of C. a. amphibine A (type 4) and zizyphine A (type 5) from Zizyphus species as well as frangulanine (type 4) occurring in small amounts in bark and leaves of buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula) are illustrated ... 

FranguRns. Anthraquinone glycosides from root, bark, and seeds of the black alder (Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnaceae) and the American buckthorn (Cascara sagrada, Rhamnaceae) as well as rhubarb roots. F are... 

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