Rhamnus cathartica

Many fruits attract birds by colors, odors, and taste. After consuming the fruit, the birds will disperse the seeds to new habitat. Preference orders exist, and some fruits are rarely eaten by birds (see p. 306). For instance, the flavor of buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica, ranked lowest of 11 fruit extracts tested in blackbirds, Turdus merula, and a song thrush, Turdusphilomelus (Sorensen, 1983). Least preferred fruits contain toxins that deter birds, perhaps to avoid seeds being dispersed to unfavorable habitat. For instance, it is disadvantageous for forest... 

Figure 5. TLC of hydroxyflavone dyes. I, dyers rocket (Reseda luteola L., C.L Natural Yellow 2) 2, young fustic (Cotinus coggygria SCOP., C.I. Natural Brown 1) 3, buckthorn berries (Rhamnus cathartica L., fructi immaturi, C.I. Natural Yellow 13) 4, old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria GAUD., C.I. Natural Yellow 1 5, osage orange wood (Maclura pomifera, C.L Natural Yellow 8) and 6, bastard hemp (Datisca cannabina L., C.L...

Ehamnus Cathartica N.F. Fruit Rhamnus cathartica Asia and Africa... 

Rhamnus cathartics. Buckthorn bark. Dried, ripe fruit of Rhamnus cathartica L., Rhamnaceae. Habit. Europe Northern Africa to Middle Asia. Constit. Rhamnoca -thartin, rhamnotannic acid, rhamnin, rhamnetin. 

In 1874 Charvin of Lyon found the same colouring matter could be derived from Rhamnus cathartica L. (common buckthorn). Thus this is also Charvin s griin in German (Mierzinski, 1881 Bersch, 1901 Schweppe, 1992). 

Sap green was made from a flavonoid dye extracted from the ripe berries of buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) and various other Rhamnus species. The related Chinese green and lokao were greens produced by Rhamnus species found in China (see the entry for lokao). 

Found in the fruit of Rhamnus cathartica, other R. spp., Artemisia, Citrus and many other plants. Used as a 0.4% aq. soln. for photometric detn. of U 505 nm), Th, Fe. Yellow cryst. (EtOH). Sol. EtOH, H,0. Mp 294-296°. 

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